WEEK 4 - Memory Systems Flashcards
learning
the process of acquiring new information
memory
the ability to store and retrieve information
the specific information stored i nthe brain
what are the 4 functional perspectives on memory
- there are different kinds of memory
- memory has temporal stages
- memory involves separate processes
- Difference brain regions are involved in different memory systems and processes
what are the sub categories of long term memory?
decalartive and non-declarative
what is declarative memory?
available to conscious retrieval, can be declared (propositional)
what are examples of declarative memory?
what did i eat for breakfast?
what is the capital of spain?
what is non-declarative memory?
experience-induced change in beahviour, cannot be declared (procedural)
what are examples of non-declarative memory?
subliminal advertising
how to ride a bike
phobias
what are the sub categories of declarative memory
episodic and semantic memory
what is episodic memory?
memory of personally experienced events that ocurred in particular place at the specific time. it is contextual spatiotemporal and autobiographical. REMEMBERING
what is semantic memory?
memory for facts, general knowledge, word meanings - knowing
what are the common tests of semantic memory?
object naming, semantic judgements (which bottom picture goes best with the top one?), category fluency
wht is category fluency??
naming as many things of the same category as possible in a certain time
what are the sub categories of non-declarative memory?
priming, procedural, conditioning
which memory category is impicit?
non-declarative
what memory category is explicit
declarative
what supports the “fractionation” of the memory system?
case studies of individuals who have suffered brain damage that show distinct patterns of impairment
what is dissociation
occurs when the brain injury impairs performance on a particular task
what is double association?
present strong evidence of separable systems
who is HM?
Henry Molaison - a patient who had epileptic seizures at age 10 and was operated after hgih school, at 27 surgeons removed bilateral medial temporal lobes including hippocampus and amygdala
what were the results of HM’s operation?
his exprience semms to be that of a person who is jsut becoming aware of his surroundings without fully comprehending the situation becuase he does not remember what went before. “like waking from a dream”
what was HM able to do at 75?
amnesia was unachaged but evidence showed procedural learning and implicit memory
anterograde amnesia
loss of information following the onset of amnesia
did HM have antergrade amnesia?
YES as he was unable to store or retain any new memories of events or episodes
retrograde amnesia
loss of information before the onset of amnesia
did HM have retrograde amnesia?
YES - he had child memories, bit thave did not have the quality of re-experiencing events. He has loss of memories for 1-2 years after operation.
what may retrograde amnesia show?
a temporal gradient (older premorbid memories better recalled than more recent)
what causes amnesia?
can arise from neurosurgery, stroke, head injury, certain viruses or as a symptom of long term alcoholism
what cateogory of memory do amnesia patients have problems with?
episodic memory
what motor skills to amnesic patients show?
preserved learning of motor skills
what is the stem completion task
amnesic patients impaired when asked explicitly to complete stems with words that had been learned, but tended to complete stems with words from the leanrning list to the same degree as controls hen told simply to complete the stem with the 1st word that comes to mind
what do amnesic patients show?
normal priming, preserved skill learning