Week 4 - Dementia Flashcards
What are the non-cognitive symptoms of dementia?
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Mood disturbances
- Apathy
- Aggression
- Sleep and appetite issues
What are the 4 main dementias?
- Alzheimer’s
- Vascular dementias
- Lewy body dementia
- Frontotemporal dementias
What are the 3 main treatments for dementia?
- Reality orientation
- Reminiscence therapy
- Cognitive stimulation therapy
What are the 3 stages of memory?
- Encoding
- Storage
- Retrieval
In the modal model, how long does sensory and short-term memory last?
Sensory = 0.5-3 seconds
Short-term = 10-15 seconds
What is the capacity of short-term memory?
7 items
What is amnesia and the 2 types?
Deficits in recall and recognition of facts and events
Inability to recall = retrogade amnesia
Inability to make new memories = anterograde amnesia
What is the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s?
- Amyloid plaques
- Neurofibrillary tangles
- Beta-amyloid pathology and tauopathy
- Synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss
- Reactive gliosis and microgliosis
What are the 3 ways of staging Alzheimer’s?
- Beta-amyloid score / Thal phase
- A0-A3
- NFT stage (Braak stage)
- B0-B3
- Neuritic plaque score
- C0-C3
What are enuritic plaques?
- Extracellular beta-amyloid depositions
- Dystrophic neurites
- Activated by microglia
What are neurofibrillary tangles?
Intracellular acetylated paired helical filaments of hyperphosphorylated tau
What are the 4 types of Lewy bodies dementias?
- Brainstem-predominant
- Limbic
- Neocortical or diffuse
- Cerebral
What happens during tauopathy, leading to Alzheimer’s?
+ Phosphorylation, binding tau to microtubules
+ Tangles form
