Anatomy - Brain Flashcards
What are the 3 meningeal layers?
Dura matter
Arachnoid matter
Pia matter
What are the 3 folds of the dura?
Falx cerebri
- between 2 hemispheres
Tentorium cerebelli
- tent over cerebellum
Falx cerebelli
- divides cerebral hemispheres
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
What does the hindbrain divide into?
Metencephalon
- Pons, cerebellum
Myelencephalon
- Medulla oblongata
What does the midbrain divide into?
Mesencephalon
Tectum, tegmentum, cerebral peduncles
What does the forebrain divide into?
Diencephalon
- Thalamus, hypothalamus
Telencephalon
- Basal ganglia, Cortex
What are these 4 sulcuses?
Cingulate sulcus
Marginal sulcus
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Calcarine sulcus
What are each of these parts?
Red = cerebellum
Purple = pons/medulla
Teal = ventricles
Blue = thalamus
Green = hippocampus
Oramge = caudate nucleus
Pink = putamen
What are these bumps called?
Tectum
superior and inferior colliculi
What are these?
What is each part called?
Cerebral peduncles = ears
Red nucleus = eyes
Substantia nigra = headband
Periacqueductal gray and cerebral aqueduct = mouth
What are the different parts of the ventricles called?
Label:
Label:
What does the fornix connect and what is its function?
Connects hippocampus to hypothalamus
Function = memory
What does the anterior commissure connect and what is its function?
Connects temporal lobes
Function = emotion
What does the posterior commissure connect and what is its function?
Connects superior colliculus to thalamus
Function = vision
Overview of function of the pyramidal system?
Projection fibres connecting cortices to other brain structues and spinal cord
What is the internal capsule?
What is after the internal capsule?
Where associated fibres converge
Cerebral peduncles (mickey’s ears)
What do the corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts form?
Pyramidal tracts
What is the function of the corticobulbar tract and where does it terminate?
Inputs to cranial nerves for head, neck, and face movement
Terminates in brainstem
What is the route of the lateral and ventral corticospinal tracts and what is their function?
Lateral = crosses over at medulla
Ventral = remains on same side
Lower limb movement
What are the 5 white matter fibres?
Uncinate fasciculus
Cingulum
Superior longitudinal fasciculus
Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
Fasciculus occipito-frontalis
What is the role of the uncinate fasciculus?
Connects tip of frontal lobe to tip of temporal lobe
Emotion
What is the role of the cingulum?
Connects frontal almost to occipital but curves inferiorly and posteriorly to temporal lobe
Emotion
What is the role of the superior longitudinal fasciculus?
Connects anterior to posterior brain left and right separately
What is the role of the fasciculuc occipito-frontalis?
Connects occipital to frontal lobe
What are the 4 commissural fibres?
Corpus callosum (two hemispheres)
Fornix (above thalamus)
Anterior commissure (temporal lobe)
Posterior commisure
What is white matter?
Myelinated axons
What is the role of associated fibres, commisural fibres, and projection fibres?
Associated = info exchange in one hemisphere
Commissural = exchange between ehmispheres
Projection = carry info from cortex to other brain and spinal cord regions
What is the cortex?
Thin layer of cells across whole brain surface
