Week 3: Women as Patients Flashcards
Mnemonic used for possible thromboembolic events (women taking birth control/HRT are at high risk for)
ACHES A- Abdominal pain C- Chest pain H- Headaches E- Eye problems - change in vision S- Severe leg pain
Pharmacodynamic differences in women
- increased volume distribution of some drugs (opiods, warfarin/ASA, antipsychotics, antiretroviral drugs) due to increased adipose tissue
- this causes increased effectiveness/increased drug response - but also increased risk of ADR/toxicity
- Increased rate of metabolism for CYP450 3A4 substrates and decrease rate of metabolism for CYP 1A2 and CYP 2D6 substrates
- increased bioavailability/effectiveness increases the risk of toxicity (Lithium)
- If a drug has an increased risk of toxicity in general - will be even higher risk in women
What is important to always keep in mind when treating female patients?
- In women of childbearing age - the possibility of pregnancy - pregnancy status
- Risk for violence - every female should be screened
1st line treatment for dysmenoria
NSAIDs due to anti-prostaglandin properties
What types of drugs would be more likely to pass through the placenta?
- Lipophilic
- Non-ionized
- Lower molecular weight
- Low protein binding
What characteristic of breast milk is important to keep in mind?
Breast milk is more acidic - basic drugs will be more concentrated in breast milk - acidic drugs will be less concentrated in breast milk (think ion-trapping)
The higher the drug concentration in maternal plasma, the higher the concentration in breast milk
Use lowest therapeutic dose possible.
What can cause suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis?
disordered eating and overexercise - leads to reduction of estrogen levels -> amenorrhea and decreased bone mineralization
Pharmacokinetic changes in pregnancy
- increased drug absorption from lungs and skin
- increased plasma volume - affects volume of distribution
- increased drug clearance
When treating a woman in menopause with HRT, if the woman has a uterus, what type of HRT should be used and why?
HRT containing both estrogen and progesterone - decreases the risk of endometrial cancer