Week 10: Antibiotics

Question 1

Causes of drug resistance

Answer 1

• Overuse of broad-spectrum ax.

- Over prescription of ax. for viral illnesses

Question 2

Which type of bacteria has a cytoplasmic membrane surrounded by a touch rigid mesh cell wall?

Answer 2

Gram + organisms - Ex: staph aureus, strep pneumoniae, clostridium - stain purple

Question 3

Which type of bacteria has a thin cell wall surrounded by a second lipid membrane?

Answer 3

Gram - organisms - Ex: E. coli, pseudomonas, H. pylori, Neisseria, gonerrhea, salmonella - stain pink

Question 4

What type of organism needs oxygen to survive?

Answer 4

Obligate aerobes

Question 5

What type of organism is poisoned by oxygen?

Answer 5

obligate anaerobes

Question 6

What type of organism can grow with or without oxygen because they can metabolize energy aerobically or anaerobically?

Answer 6

Facilitative anaerobes

Question 7

What type of antibiotic stops the bacteria from growing but does not kill it?

Answer 7

Bacteriostatic

Question 8

What type of antibiotic kills the bacteria?

Answer 8

Bactericidal - important to use this type in patients that are immunocompromised

Question 9

When prescribing antibiotics based on evidence-based guidelines you are deciding on what antibiotic to give based on….?

Answer 9

Empiric evidence

Question 10

When prescribing an antibiotic to pretreat patients having a surgical procedure to prevent infection, you are treating…..?

Answer 10

Prophylactically

Question 11

When prescribing and antibiotic based on susceptibility found on a culture result, you are treating…..?

Answer 11

Definitively

Question 12

Important factors to keep in mind when prescribing antibiotics:

Answer 12

• immune system function
• renal and hepatic function
• Age
• Pregnancy/lactation
• Risk for multi-drug-resistance organisms
• Patient adherence: lowest frequency for the shortest duration - cost effective - for kids: taste good and most concentrated dose