Week 3- Speech perception 1 & 2 Flashcards
Speech perception refers to….
how we identify the sounds of language (phonemes)
Spoken word recognition refers to …
how we recognize words
What is prelexical code?
–sound representations before a word is recognized
What is postlexical code?
-sound representations after a word has been identified
Phonemes in speech can be identified a lot faster than what type of sounds?
- __+___+___+___ could be identified at 1.5 sounds per second
- phonemes in speech can be identified at ____ per second or faster
- separate non-speech sounds
- buzz, hiss, tone, vowel
- 20 exemplars
Spoken words in ____ can be identified about ____ ms from their onset
context, 200
When are words recognized more easily and faster?
-words in a meaningful context can be recognized more easily and faster than in isolation
Why can phonemes not be easily separated?
-they slur together
What is co-articulation?
Give an example.
-the pronunciation of a phoneme depends on the preceding and following phonemes, e.g. nasalization of / I/ in “pin” compared to “pig”
Do both hemispheres play causal roles in speech perception? Use the Hickock et al. study and other studies to give proof.
- several studies show that even acute patients with unilateral left-hemisphere (LH) damage need manifest only moderate speech perception problems
- Hickock et al., shows that auditory word recognition is bilaterally organized and approx. 72% of cases have bilateral fairly symmetric lesions
Hypothesis: temporal integration windows differ between LH and RH.
- speech contains information on different ___ ____?
e. g., stop consonant discrimination approx. ___ ms, syllabic stress pattern recognition approx. ____ ms
- time scales
- 20-80
- 150-300
Hypothesis: temporal integration windows differ between LH and RH.
- speech contains information on different __ ___
e. g., stop consonant discrimination approx. ___ ms, syllabic stress pattern recognition approx. ____ ms
- time scales
- 20-80
- 150-300
Hypothesis: temporal integration windows differ between LH and RH.
Poeppel et al. (2003): both hemispheres initially create similar ____ representations of incoming sounds but later sample from these with different ____.
high-fidelity, rates
What is co-articulation?
Give an example.
-the pronunciation of a phoneme depends on the preceding and following phonemes, e.g. nasalization of /I/ in “pin” compared to “pig”
_______ makes faster speech possible
co-articulation
Explain Hickock’s and Poeppel’s Dual Stream Model of speech perception.
Main assumptions and components:
- bilateral speech perception
- difference between left and right sampling times
- ventral (what) and dorsal (how) streams
Do both hemispheres play causal roles in speech perception?
- test to match spoken word with one of four pictures (correct, phonological distractor, semantic distractor, unrelated distractor; e.g. bear, pear, moose, grapes)
- auditory word recognition bilaterally organized
- patients with word deafness have symptoms of variable severity
- approx. 72% of cases have bilateral fairly symmetric lesions
Hypothesis: temporal integration windows differ between LH and RH.
-speech contains information on different __ ___
-time scales
Hypothesis: temporal integration windows differ between LH and RH.
Poeppel et al. (2003): both hemispheres initially create similar ____ representations of incoming sounds but later sample from these with different ____.
high-fidelity, rates
Recognition of phonemes does not have to be based on the_____ of the phoneme in question alone
acoustic segments
Hypothesis: temporal integration windows differ between LH and RH. Abrams et al. (2008): study of 9–12-year-old children listening to “The young boy left home.” What were the two effects?
Two effects: LH and RH suppression to concordance (match with inner speech), LH enhancement to unpredicted discordance
Hypothesis: temporal integration windows differ between LH and RH. Abrams et al. (2008): study of 9–12-year-old children listening to “The young boy left home.” What were the results?
The left hemisphere showed greater sensitivity to phoneme/syllable-level discordance, the right to whole item discordance
If the right hemisphere samples speech in larger chunks, what could aphasia from RH damage look like? (Discussion question)
-may fail to abstract the main point contained in the information being shared
-Inability to interpret body language and facial expressions
-Problems with Conversational Rules
-disorientation to time and direction
-difficulty interpreting visual stimuli
??
If the right hemisphere samples speech in larger chunks, what might be a helpful therapy for LH fluent aphasia? (Discussion question)
-patients are asked to name pictures.
-Body Part Naming
-Oral sentence reading
??
