Sentence Production 1 and 2

Question 1

Ways of indicating participant roles like actor and undergoer include ________, ________, _______,______.

Answer 1

word order, case marking, verb affixes, tone

Question 2

Syntax is made up of ______ structure and _______ structure.

Answer 2

hierarchical structure and argument structure

Question 3

T or F: Phrase structure rules and agreement rules are part of argument structure

Answer 3

False- they are part of hierarchical structure

Question 4

T or F: The linkage between participant roles and grammatical relations is part of argument structure.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Describe the two overarching components of the Lemma Model:

Answer 5

1) Rhetorical/ semantic/ syntactic system

2) Phonological/ phonetic system

Question 6

In the Rhetorical/ semantic/ syntactic system of the Lemma model there are three sub-sections:

Answer 6

conceptual preparation
preverbal message
syntactic encoding

Question 7

The output of the rhetorical/ semantic/ syntactic system of the Lemma Model is the ________

Answer 7

surface structure

Question 8

In the Rhetorical/ semantic/ syntactic system of the Lemma model there are three sub-sections:

Answer 8

conceptual preparation –>
preverbal message –>
syntactic encoding

Question 9

The output of the rhetorical/ semantic/ syntactic system of the Lemma Model is the ________

Answer 9

surface structure

Question 10

The three substages of the phonological/ phonetic system are ___________

Answer 10

phonological and phonetic encoding–>
articulatory score–>
articulation

Question 11

The input of the phonological/ phonetic system is the _____ and the output is _______

Answer 11

surface structure

overt speech

Question 12

Knowledge of the external and internal world (theory of mind) has an impact at what stage of the Lemma Model?

Answer 12

conceptual preparation (Rhetorical/ semantic/ syntactic system)

Question 13

The Mental lexicon includes ______ and ______

Answer 13

lemmas and phonological codes

Question 14

The mental lexicon influences what two stages of the Lemma Model?

Answer 14

syntactic encoding

phonological and phonetic encoding

Question 15

The mental lexicon influences what two stages of the Lemma Model?

Answer 15

syntactic encoding

phonological and phonetic encoding

Question 16

Syllabary impacts the __________ stage of the Lemma model

Answer 16

phonological and phonetic encoding

Question 17

Syllabary impacts the __________ stage of the Lemma model

Answer 17

phonological and phonetic encoding

Question 18

Describe the five parts of Garrett’s model of syntactic encoding:

Answer 18

1) Message
2) Functional Processing
3) Positional Processing
4) Phonological encoding
5) Output

Question 19

In Garrett’s model grammatical encoding occurs at the _______ and ______ levels.

Answer 19

Functional processing

positional processing

Question 20

What occurs during the functional processing stage?

Answer 20

• Select lemmas and specify transitivity of the verb

- Assign actor role to subject and undergoer role to object

Question 21

What three syntactic features are associated with lemmas?

Answer 21

category: noun, verb, adj
nominal gender: masc, fem
transitivity: transitive, intransitive

Question 22

Message: The boy is petting the dog.
Output: The dog is petting the boy.
Name the type of error and at what level of Garrett’s model it likely occurred:

Answer 22

Word exchange error

At the functional level of processing

Question 23

What occurs during the positional processing stage?

Answer 23

• Assemble hierarchical sequential consituents for the phrases comprising the sentence
• Insert free-standing and bound closed-class items in the proper places.

Question 24

Message: I went to get my truck parked
Output: I went to get my park trucked
Name the type of error and at what level of Garrett’s model it likely occurred:

Answer 24

stranding error

at the positional processing level

Question 25

Stranding errors only affect _______ items

Answer 25

open class

Question 26

Stranding errors only affect _______ items

Answer 26

open class

Question 27

Where does the behavioural evidence for Garrett’s model come from:

Answer 27

speech errors
lexical and syntactic priming
subject-verb agreement

Question 28

What are the five main symptoms of stroke patients with agrammatism:

Answer 28

1) paucity of main verbs
2) syntactic simplification
3) omission of free-standing closed class elements (functors)
4) substitution of bound closed-class elements (inflections)
5) reliance on canonical word order

Question 29

What are the five main symptoms of stroke patients with agrammatism:

Answer 29

1) paucity of main verbs
2) syntactic simplification
3) omission of free-standing closed class elements (functors)
4) substitution of bound closed-class elements (inflections)
5) reliance on canonical word order

Question 30

T or F: The five symptoms of stroke patients with agrammatism are dissociated and do not represent a deficit to a single well defined component of the language processing system.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Writing assignment question: Think of different types of languages and how agrammatism may be different in them.

Answer 31

?

Question 32

Accessing the argument structure properties associated with the lemmas of verbs and mapping participant roles onto grammatical relations are operations of the _________ of Garrett’s model

Answer 32

functional level

Question 33

Assembling hierarchical constituents and inserting free-standing and bound closed-class items in the proper places are operations of the __________ of Garrett’s model.

Answer 33

positional level

Question 34

Assembling hierarchical constituents and inserting free-standing and bound closed-class items in the proper places are operations of the __________ of Garrett’s model.

Answer 34

positional level

Question 35

Impairments of accessing verb argument structure are associated with the _____ of Garrett’s model.

Answer 35

functional level

Question 36

10 stroke patients 4 with worse production of verbs than nouns showed ______ verb retrieval in elicited narratives was correlated with syntactic simplification.

Answer 36

impaired

Question 37

In a constrained sentence task two of the four verb impaired patients had trouble generating the target verb and the second noun, their performance improved when verbs were provided. This is a problem at _________

Answer 37

the functional level - problem of accessing argument structure.

Question 38

In a constrained sentence task two of the four verb impaired patients had trouble generating the target verb and the second noun, their performance improved when verbs were provided. This is a problem at _________

Answer 38

the functional level - problem of accessing argument structure.

Question 39

What is the evidence for a selective impairment of mapping participant roles onto grammatical relations?

Answer 39

-several studies of patients who commit “reversal errors”

(reversing actor and undergoer

Question 40

Evidence that assembling hierarchical constituents can be selectively impaired comes from patients who are deficient at generating ________ expressions but are capable of supplying the correct _________.

Answer 40

syntactically complex expressions
closed class elementsr

Question 41

Evidence that assembling hierarchical constituents can be selectively impaired comes from patients who are deficient at generating ________ expressions but are capable of supplying the correct _________.

Answer 41

syntactically complex expressions
closed class elements

Question 42

If patients can form sentences of normal complexity but are deficient at providing the appropriate closed-class elements this indicates that ______ and ____can be disproportionately impaired.

Answer 42

inserting free standing and bound closed-class items

Question 43

If patients can form sentences of normal complexity but are deficient at providing the appropriate closed-class elements this indicates that ______ and ____can be disproportionately impaired.

Answer 43

inserting free standing and bound closed-class items

Question 44

A further distinction between closed class elements is that _____ and _______ can be differentially disrupted.

Answer 44

free standing functors

bound inflections

Question 45

There is a fine grained dissociation between categories of closed class items.
She called up her friend vs She ran up the stairs
She called her friend up vs She ran the stairs up

Answer 45

syntactic vs semantic dissociation

Question 46

Describe the impairments of progressive non-fluent aphasia:

Answer 46

Impairments of grammar due to atrophy in left ventrolateral prefrontal region (including Broca’s Area).

Question 47

Describe the impairments of semantic dementia:

Answer 47

impairments of conceptual knowledge

due to atrophy in anterior temporal lobes bilaterally with leftward asymmetry.

Question 48

Describe the impairments of logopenic progressive aphasia:

Answer 48

impairments of word retrieval

atrophy in the left temporoparietal region including wernicke’s area

Question 49

Describe the impairments of logopenic progressive aphasia:

Answer 49

impairments of word retrieval

atrophy in the left temporoparietal region including wernicke’s area

Question 50

_________ is most relevant to syntactic encoding with significant sentence production deficits.

Answer 50

progressive non-fluent aphasia

Question 51

Severity of sentence processing deficits in progressive non-fluent aphasia correlates with ____________ in broca’s area, left posterior frontal gyrus and lateral precentral gyrus

Answer 51

cortical thinning or atrophy