Sentence Production 1 and 2 Flashcards
Ways of indicating participant roles like actor and undergoer include ________, ________, _______,______.
word order, case marking, verb affixes, tone
Syntax is made up of ______ structure and _______ structure.
hierarchical structure and argument structure
T or F: Phrase structure rules and agreement rules are part of argument structure
False- they are part of hierarchical structure
T or F: The linkage between participant roles and grammatical relations is part of argument structure.
True
Describe the two overarching components of the Lemma Model:
1) Rhetorical/ semantic/ syntactic system
2) Phonological/ phonetic system
In the Rhetorical/ semantic/ syntactic system of the Lemma model there are three sub-sections:
conceptual preparation
preverbal message
syntactic encoding
The output of the rhetorical/ semantic/ syntactic system of the Lemma Model is the ________
surface structure
In the Rhetorical/ semantic/ syntactic system of the Lemma model there are three sub-sections:
conceptual preparation –>
preverbal message –>
syntactic encoding
The output of the rhetorical/ semantic/ syntactic system of the Lemma Model is the ________
surface structure
The three substages of the phonological/ phonetic system are ___________
phonological and phonetic encoding–>
articulatory score–>
articulation
The input of the phonological/ phonetic system is the _____ and the output is _______
surface structure
overt speech
Knowledge of the external and internal world (theory of mind) has an impact at what stage of the Lemma Model?
conceptual preparation (Rhetorical/ semantic/ syntactic system)
The Mental lexicon includes ______ and ______
lemmas and phonological codes
The mental lexicon influences what two stages of the Lemma Model?
syntactic encoding
phonological and phonetic encoding
The mental lexicon influences what two stages of the Lemma Model?
syntactic encoding
phonological and phonetic encoding
Syllabary impacts the __________ stage of the Lemma model
phonological and phonetic encoding
Syllabary impacts the __________ stage of the Lemma model
phonological and phonetic encoding
Describe the five parts of Garrett’s model of syntactic encoding:
1) Message
2) Functional Processing
3) Positional Processing
4) Phonological encoding
5) Output
In Garrett’s model grammatical encoding occurs at the _______ and ______ levels.
Functional processing
positional processing
What occurs during the functional processing stage?
- Select lemmas and specify transitivity of the verb
- Assign actor role to subject and undergoer role to object
What three syntactic features are associated with lemmas?
category: noun, verb, adj
nominal gender: masc, fem
transitivity: transitive, intransitive
Message: The boy is petting the dog.
Output: The dog is petting the boy.
Name the type of error and at what level of Garrett’s model it likely occurred:
Word exchange error
At the functional level of processing
What occurs during the positional processing stage?
- Assemble hierarchical sequential consituents for the phrases comprising the sentence
- Insert free-standing and bound closed-class items in the proper places.
Message: I went to get my truck parked
Output: I went to get my park trucked
Name the type of error and at what level of Garrett’s model it likely occurred:
stranding error
at the positional processing level
Stranding errors only affect _______ items
open class
Stranding errors only affect _______ items
open class
Where does the behavioural evidence for Garrett’s model come from:
speech errors
lexical and syntactic priming
subject-verb agreement
What are the five main symptoms of stroke patients with agrammatism:
1) paucity of main verbs
2) syntactic simplification
3) omission of free-standing closed class elements (functors)
4) substitution of bound closed-class elements (inflections)
5) reliance on canonical word order
What are the five main symptoms of stroke patients with agrammatism:
1) paucity of main verbs
2) syntactic simplification
3) omission of free-standing closed class elements (functors)
4) substitution of bound closed-class elements (inflections)
5) reliance on canonical word order
T or F: The five symptoms of stroke patients with agrammatism are dissociated and do not represent a deficit to a single well defined component of the language processing system.
True
Writing assignment question: Think of different types of languages and how agrammatism may be different in them.
?
Accessing the argument structure properties associated with the lemmas of verbs and mapping participant roles onto grammatical relations are operations of the _________ of Garrett’s model
functional level
Assembling hierarchical constituents and inserting free-standing and bound closed-class items in the proper places are operations of the __________ of Garrett’s model.
positional level
Assembling hierarchical constituents and inserting free-standing and bound closed-class items in the proper places are operations of the __________ of Garrett’s model.
positional level
Impairments of accessing verb argument structure are associated with the _____ of Garrett’s model.
functional level
10 stroke patients 4 with worse production of verbs than nouns showed ______ verb retrieval in elicited narratives was correlated with syntactic simplification.
impaired
In a constrained sentence task two of the four verb impaired patients had trouble generating the target verb and the second noun, their performance improved when verbs were provided. This is a problem at _________
the functional level - problem of accessing argument structure.
In a constrained sentence task two of the four verb impaired patients had trouble generating the target verb and the second noun, their performance improved when verbs were provided. This is a problem at _________
the functional level - problem of accessing argument structure.
What is the evidence for a selective impairment of mapping participant roles onto grammatical relations?
-several studies of patients who commit “reversal errors”
(reversing actor and undergoer
Evidence that assembling hierarchical constituents can be selectively impaired comes from patients who are deficient at generating ________ expressions but are capable of supplying the correct _________.
syntactically complex expressions closed class elementsr
Evidence that assembling hierarchical constituents can be selectively impaired comes from patients who are deficient at generating ________ expressions but are capable of supplying the correct _________.
syntactically complex expressions closed class elements
If patients can form sentences of normal complexity but are deficient at providing the appropriate closed-class elements this indicates that ______ and ____can be disproportionately impaired.
inserting free standing and bound closed-class items
If patients can form sentences of normal complexity but are deficient at providing the appropriate closed-class elements this indicates that ______ and ____can be disproportionately impaired.
inserting free standing and bound closed-class items
A further distinction between closed class elements is that _____ and _______ can be differentially disrupted.
free standing functors
bound inflections
There is a fine grained dissociation between categories of closed class items.
She called up her friend vs She ran up the stairs
She called her friend up vs She ran the stairs up
syntactic vs semantic dissociation
Describe the impairments of progressive non-fluent aphasia:
Impairments of grammar due to atrophy in left ventrolateral prefrontal region (including Broca’s Area).
Describe the impairments of semantic dementia:
impairments of conceptual knowledge
due to atrophy in anterior temporal lobes bilaterally with leftward asymmetry.
Describe the impairments of logopenic progressive aphasia:
impairments of word retrieval
atrophy in the left temporoparietal region including wernicke’s area
Describe the impairments of logopenic progressive aphasia:
impairments of word retrieval
atrophy in the left temporoparietal region including wernicke’s area
_________ is most relevant to syntactic encoding with significant sentence production deficits.
progressive non-fluent aphasia
Severity of sentence processing deficits in progressive non-fluent aphasia correlates with ____________ in broca’s area, left posterior frontal gyrus and lateral precentral gyrus
cortical thinning or atrophy
