Kyle's lecture Flashcards
What are the three main components of the brain?
Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain
What is the Forebrain made up of?
-cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus (part of the limbic system)
What is the Midbrain made up of?
tectum and tegmentum
What is the Hindbrain made up of?
cerebellum, pons and medulla
The midbrain, pons, and medulla are often referred to as the ____
brainstem
Name the four lobes of the brain:
-Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobe
What does the Frontal Lobe do and where is it located?
- associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving
- located at the front of the brain
What does the Parietal Lobe do and where is it located?
- associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli
- located in the middle section of the brain
What does the Occipital Lobe do and where is it located?
- associated with visual processing
- located at the back portion of the brain
What does the Temporal Lobe do and where is it located?
- associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech
- located on the bottom section of the brain
What is the corpus callosum?
-It connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication
What is the Limbic System also known as?
“Emotional Brain”
Name the four parts of the limbic system:
• Hypothalamus, Thalamus, Amygdala, Hippocampus
What is the function of the Hypothalamus?
-Emotion, thirst, hunger, homeostasis, circadian rhythms
What is the function of the Thalamus?
-sensory/motor function, relay system for sensory input
What is the function of the Amygdala?
-memory, emotion and fear
What is the function of the hippocampus?
-learning and memory
What is the function of the Cerebellum?
-This structure is associated with regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance
What are the three parts of the brainstem?
-medulla, pons and midbrain
What is the function of the midbrain?
-vision, hearing, eye movement, and body movement
What is the function of the medulla?
-breathing and heartrate
What is the function of the pons?
-motor control and sensory analysis, consciousness and sleep
What is the function of Wernicke’s Area?
• Involved in the understanding of written and spoken language (comprehension)
Where is Wernicke’s area?
• Located in the posterior section of the Superior Temporal Gyrus in the dominant cerebral hemisphere
Damage to Wernicke’s area results in …
fluent aphasia
What is the function of Broca’s Area?
• Involved in speech production
Where is Broca’s area?
• Formed by the pars triangularis and pars opercularis in the inferior frontal gyrus usually in the dominant hemisphere
Damage to this Broca’s area results in…
non-fluent aphasia (expressive aphasia)
Name a few common Speech Disorders:
-Apraxia of Speech, Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia, Dysarthria
Name a few Language Disorders/Impairments:
-Specific Language Impairment (SLI), Dyslexia, Aphasia
What is apraxia?
-a motor disorder caused by damage to the brain, in which someone has difficulty with the motor planning to perform tasks or movements when asked
What do rostral and caudal refer to?
rostral: Towards the head or mouth
caudal: Towards tail end of the body
What do ventral and dorsal refer to?
ventral: Towards the belly or ground
dorsal: Towards the back or spine
What do anterior and posterior refer to?
- Anterior: In front of
* Posterior: Behind
What do superior and inferior refer to?
- Superior: Above
* Inferior: Below
What does Subcortical refer to?
-relating to or denoting the region of the brain below the cortex
Ipsilateral:
Contralateral:
Ipsilateral: Same side
Contralateral: Opposite Side
- Proximal:
* Distal:
Proximal: close to point of reference
Distal: Far from point of reference
- Efferent:
* Afferent:
- Efferent: projecting away from reference
* Afferent: Projecting towards reference
- Lateral:
* Decussate:
- Lateral: Far from midline
* Decussate: Cross midline (X)
• Cranial:
towards head of body
- Midline:
* Medial:
- Midline: separating left and right
* Medial: Near midline
