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LING 3NL3 > Kyle's lecture > Flashcards

Kyle's lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main components of the brain?

A

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

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2
Q

What is the Forebrain made up of?

A

-cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus (part of the limbic system)

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3
Q

What is the Midbrain made up of?

A

tectum and tegmentum

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4
Q

What is the Hindbrain made up of?

A

cerebellum, pons and medulla

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5
Q

The midbrain, pons, and medulla are often referred to as the ____

A

brainstem

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6
Q

Name the four lobes of the brain:

A

-Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobe

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7
Q

What does the Frontal Lobe do and where is it located?

A
  • associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving
  • located at the front of the brain
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8
Q

What does the Parietal Lobe do and where is it located?

A
  • associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli
  • located in the middle section of the brain
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9
Q

What does the Occipital Lobe do and where is it located?

A
  • associated with visual processing

- located at the back portion of the brain

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10
Q

What does the Temporal Lobe do and where is it located?

A
  • associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech
  • located on the bottom section of the brain
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11
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

-It connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication

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12
Q

What is the Limbic System also known as?

A

“Emotional Brain”

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13
Q

Name the four parts of the limbic system:

A

• Hypothalamus, Thalamus, Amygdala, Hippocampus

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14
Q

What is the function of the Hypothalamus?

A

-Emotion, thirst, hunger, homeostasis, circadian rhythms

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15
Q

What is the function of the Thalamus?

A

-sensory/motor function, relay system for sensory input

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16
Q

What is the function of the Amygdala?

A

-memory, emotion and fear

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17
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus?

A

-learning and memory

18
Q

What is the function of the Cerebellum?

A

-This structure is associated with regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance

19
Q

What are the three parts of the brainstem?

A

-medulla, pons and midbrain

20
Q

What is the function of the midbrain?

A

-vision, hearing, eye movement, and body movement

21
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A

-breathing and heartrate

22
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

-motor control and sensory analysis, consciousness and sleep

23
Q

What is the function of Wernicke’s Area?

A

• Involved in the understanding of written and spoken language (comprehension)

24
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area?

A

• Located in the posterior section of the Superior Temporal Gyrus in the dominant cerebral hemisphere

25
Q

Damage to Wernicke’s area results in …

A

fluent aphasia

26
Q

What is the function of Broca’s Area?

A

• Involved in speech production

27
Q

Where is Broca’s area?

A

• Formed by the pars triangularis and pars opercularis in the inferior frontal gyrus usually in the dominant hemisphere

28
Q

Damage to this Broca’s area results in…

A

non-fluent aphasia (expressive aphasia)

29
Q

Name a few common Speech Disorders:

A

-Apraxia of Speech, Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia, Dysarthria

30
Q

Name a few Language Disorders/Impairments:

A

-Specific Language Impairment (SLI), Dyslexia, Aphasia

31
Q

What is apraxia?

A

-a motor disorder caused by damage to the brain, in which someone has difficulty with the motor planning to perform tasks or movements when asked

32
Q

What do rostral and caudal refer to?

A

rostral: Towards the head or mouth
caudal: Towards tail end of the body

33
Q

What do ventral and dorsal refer to?

A

ventral: Towards the belly or ground
dorsal: Towards the back or spine

34
Q

What do anterior and posterior refer to?

A
  • Anterior: In front of

* Posterior: Behind

35
Q

What do superior and inferior refer to?

A
  • Superior: Above

* Inferior: Below

36
Q

What does Subcortical refer to?

A

-relating to or denoting the region of the brain below the cortex

37
Q

Ipsilateral:
Contralateral:

A

Ipsilateral: Same side
Contralateral: Opposite Side

38
Q
  • Proximal:

* Distal:

A

Proximal: close to point of reference
Distal: Far from point of reference

39
Q
  • Efferent:

* Afferent:

A
  • Efferent: projecting away from reference

* Afferent: Projecting towards reference

40
Q
  • Lateral:

* Decussate:

A
  • Lateral: Far from midline

* Decussate: Cross midline (X)

41
Q

• Cranial:

A

towards head of body

42
Q
  • Midline:

* Medial:

A
  • Midline: separating left and right

* Medial: Near midline

LING 3NL3 (16 decks)

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