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IMG1034 Abdominal sonography > Week 3: Pancreas > Flashcards

Week 3: Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the pancreas

A
  1. endocrine (hormone)
    - produce chemicals/ hormones to regulate BS
  2. exocrine (digestion)
    - produce enzymes for digestion
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2
Q

what genetic disease affects the pancreas

A

cystic fibrosis

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3
Q

how should a patient prepare for pancreas US

A

fasting, no gum, no tobacco, no smoking

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4
Q

location of pancreas

A

left hypochondrium & epigastrium

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5
Q

T/F majority of the pancreas is covered in peritoneum

A

FALSE. only small portion of head is, rest is retroperitoneal

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6
Q

head of pancreas is ANTERIOR to

A

IVC

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7
Q

head of pancreas is POSTERIOR to

A

peritoneum, superior duodenum

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8
Q

uncinate process is anterior to

A

IVC

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9
Q

uncinate process is posterior to

A

SMV

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10
Q

pancreas body is anterior to

A

splenic vein, SMA, AO

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11
Q

pancreas body is posterior to

A

stomach, splenic A

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12
Q

tail of pancreas is anterior to

A

splenic vein, L kidney

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13
Q

tail of pancreas is posterior to

A

stomach, splenic artery, lateral L lobe of liver

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14
Q

what structure causes obscured view of pancreas

A

transverse colon, duodenum

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15
Q

pancreas is ___ to IVC, AO, SMA, confluence, diaphragm

A

anterior

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16
Q

pancreas is ___ to C-loop of duodenum, splenic hilum

A

medial

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17
Q

pancreas is __ to stomach, lesser omental sac, transverse colon, liver

A

posterior

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18
Q

pancreas is ___ to Celiac trunk, liver

A

inferior

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19
Q

T/F: the pancreas lies in the anterior pararenal space

A

TRUE

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20
Q

___ wraps around the head of the pancreas

A

duodenum

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21
Q

the gastroduodenal artery is ___ ____ border of the head

A

anterior lateral

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22
Q

landmark for head of pancreas

A

IVC

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23
Q

landmark for body of pancreas

A

Aorta, SMA, confluence

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24
Q

landmark for tail of pancreas

A

splenic vein

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25
the superior mesenteric vein is ___ to the neck and ___ to the uncinate process
1. posterior | 2. anterior
26
which part of the pancreas is covered in peritoneum
anterior surface of body
27
name the two vessels that are identified in the pancreas head
1. anterior - GDA | 2. posterior - CBD
28
courses along anterolateral aspect, supplies pancreas head & duodenum, branches off CHA
gastroduodenal artery (GDA)
29
runs on posterolateral surface of pancreas, joins with main pancreatic duct to enter duodenum at Ampulla of Vater
CBD
30
pancreas tail is typically more ___ than the head
superior
31
2 pancreatic ducts
1. duct of Wirsung/ main pancreatic duct | 2. duct of santorini/ accessory duct
32
function of duct of wirsung / Main Pancreatic Duct
transport and discharge panc juices into duodenum via ampulla of vater -aid in digestion
33
max measurement of the duct of wirsung / pancreatic duct
3.0mm
34
location of duct of santorini
-accessory duct 2cm superior to duct of Wirsung (closer to duodenum)
35
opening in the second portion of duodenum where CBD and pancreatic ducts enter to discharge substances that aid in digestion
ampulla of vater
36
muscle surrounding the ampulla of vater that controls flow of pancreatic juice from the biliary tract into the duodenum
sphincter of oddi
37
opening into the duodenum
ampulla of vater
38
supply the head and part of duodenum
pancreaticoduodenal artery | -branch of gastroduodenal artery (further branch of CHA)
39
supplies the body and tail of pancreas
splenic artery
40
venous drainage of pancreas
splenic vein and SMV
41
cells that carry out exocrine function of pancreas
acinar cells
42
what percentage of pancreatic tissue performs exocrine function
80%
43
2 enzymes specific for pancreatic disease, name them and their role
1. amylase - break down sugars | 2. lipase - break down fats
44
hormone released by duodenum when food is ingested, stimulates acini cells to produce digestive enzymes
cholecystokinin
45
when __ relaxes, bile and digestive enzymes pass into the duodenum
sphincter of oddi
46
tiny clusters of cells throughout pancreas secrete hormones directly into blood stream (endocrine function)
islets of langerhans
47
alpha cells secrete ___
glucagon to increase BS levels
48
beta cells secrete ___
insulin to lower BS levels
49
___ controls regulation of insulin and glucagon level
islet cells
50
what two veins form the confluence
superior mesenteric vein (SMV) & splenic vein
51
sagittal pancreas head is __ and ___ to liver
inferior and posterior
52
sagittal pancreas head is ___ to IVC
anterior
53
___ can be seen in short axis superior to the head
main portal vein
54
neck and uncinate process are separated by the ___
SMV
55
in sagittal, Neck is ___ to SMV
anterior
56
in sagittal, uncinate process is ___ to SMV
posterior
57
calliper AP placement for pancreatic duct is placed __ to __
inner to inner
58
dorsal and ventral pancreatic anlage fuse at ___ weeks
6-8
59
dorsal (cranial) pancreatic anlage forms ___ & ___ of pancreas
1. body | 2. tail
60
ventral (caudal) pancreatic anlage forms ___ & ___ of pancreas
1. head | 2. uncinate process
61
transducer used for scanning pancreas
curved linear 3-5MHz
62
what structure is seen in the body of the pancreas as a thin, bright line
pancreatic duct / duct of wirsung
63
echotexture of pancreas
homogeneous, can appear heterogeneous depending on interlobular fat (mottled)
64
shape of pancreas
sideways apostrophe
65
T/F: pancreas has reflective capsule on US
FALSE
66
echogenicity of pancreas__ with age
increase
67
bulging structure with same echogenicity and texture as pancreas that is NOT REAL
pseudomasses
68
normal variants of pancreas
1. annular pancreas 2. cysts 3. agenesis (absent body & tail) 4. pancreatic divisum (when signle pancreatic duct is not formed - stays as 2 distinct ventral and dorsal ducts )

IMG1034 Abdominal sonography (9 decks)

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