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IMG1034 Abdominal sonography > Week 3: Pancreas > Flashcards

Week 3: Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the pancreas

A
  1. endocrine (hormone)
    - produce chemicals/ hormones to regulate BS
  2. exocrine (digestion)
    - produce enzymes for digestion
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2
Q

what genetic disease affects the pancreas

A

cystic fibrosis

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3
Q

how should a patient prepare for pancreas US

A

fasting, no gum, no tobacco, no smoking

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4
Q

location of pancreas

A

left hypochondrium & epigastrium

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5
Q

T/F majority of the pancreas is covered in peritoneum

A

FALSE. only small portion of head is, rest is retroperitoneal

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6
Q

head of pancreas is ANTERIOR to

A

IVC

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7
Q

head of pancreas is POSTERIOR to

A

peritoneum, superior duodenum

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8
Q

uncinate process is anterior to

A

IVC

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9
Q

uncinate process is posterior to

A

SMV

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10
Q

pancreas body is anterior to

A

splenic vein, SMA, AO

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11
Q

pancreas body is posterior to

A

stomach, splenic A

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12
Q

tail of pancreas is anterior to

A

splenic vein, L kidney

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13
Q

tail of pancreas is posterior to

A

stomach, splenic artery, lateral L lobe of liver

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14
Q

what structure causes obscured view of pancreas

A

transverse colon, duodenum

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15
Q

pancreas is ___ to IVC, AO, SMA, confluence, diaphragm

A

anterior

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16
Q

pancreas is ___ to C-loop of duodenum, splenic hilum

A

medial

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17
Q

pancreas is __ to stomach, lesser omental sac, transverse colon, liver

A

posterior

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18
Q

pancreas is ___ to Celiac trunk, liver

A

inferior

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19
Q

T/F: the pancreas lies in the anterior pararenal space

A

TRUE

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20
Q

___ wraps around the head of the pancreas

A

duodenum

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21
Q

the gastroduodenal artery is ___ ____ border of the head

A

anterior lateral

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22
Q

landmark for head of pancreas

A

IVC

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23
Q

landmark for body of pancreas

A

Aorta, SMA, confluence

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24
Q

landmark for tail of pancreas

A

splenic vein

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25
Q

the superior mesenteric vein is ___ to the neck and ___ to the uncinate process

A
  1. posterior

2. anterior

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26
Q

which part of the pancreas is covered in peritoneum

A

anterior surface of body

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27
Q

name the two vessels that are identified in the pancreas head

A
  1. anterior - GDA

2. posterior - CBD

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28
Q

courses along anterolateral aspect, supplies pancreas head & duodenum, branches off CHA

A

gastroduodenal artery (GDA)

29
Q

runs on posterolateral surface of pancreas, joins with main pancreatic duct to enter duodenum at Ampulla of Vater

A

CBD

30
Q

pancreas tail is typically more ___ than the head

A

superior

31
Q

2 pancreatic ducts

A
  1. duct of Wirsung/ main pancreatic duct

2. duct of santorini/ accessory duct

32
Q

function of duct of wirsung / Main Pancreatic Duct

A

transport and discharge panc juices into duodenum via ampulla of vater
-aid in digestion

33
Q

max measurement of the duct of wirsung / pancreatic duct

A

3.0mm

34
Q

location of duct of santorini

A

-accessory duct 2cm superior to duct of Wirsung (closer to duodenum)

35
Q

opening in the second portion of duodenum where CBD and pancreatic ducts enter to discharge substances that aid in digestion

A

ampulla of vater

36
Q

muscle surrounding the ampulla of vater that controls flow of pancreatic juice from the biliary tract into the duodenum

A

sphincter of oddi

37
Q

opening into the duodenum

A

ampulla of vater

38
Q

supply the head and part of duodenum

A

pancreaticoduodenal artery

-branch of gastroduodenal artery (further branch of CHA)

39
Q

supplies the body and tail of pancreas

A

splenic artery

40
Q

venous drainage of pancreas

A

splenic vein and SMV

41
Q

cells that carry out exocrine function of pancreas

A

acinar cells

42
Q

what percentage of pancreatic tissue performs exocrine function

A

80%

43
Q

2 enzymes specific for pancreatic disease, name them and their role

A
  1. amylase - break down sugars

2. lipase - break down fats

44
Q

hormone released by duodenum when food is ingested, stimulates acini cells to produce digestive enzymes

A

cholecystokinin

45
Q

when __ relaxes, bile and digestive enzymes pass into the duodenum

A

sphincter of oddi

46
Q

tiny clusters of cells throughout pancreas secrete hormones directly into blood stream (endocrine function)

A

islets of langerhans

47
Q

alpha cells secrete ___

A

glucagon to increase BS levels

48
Q

beta cells secrete ___

A

insulin to lower BS levels

49
Q

___ controls regulation of insulin and glucagon level

A

islet cells

50
Q

what two veins form the confluence

A

superior mesenteric vein (SMV) & splenic vein

51
Q

sagittal pancreas head is __ and ___ to liver

A

inferior and posterior

52
Q

sagittal pancreas head is ___ to IVC

A

anterior

53
Q

___ can be seen in short axis superior to the head

A

main portal vein

54
Q

neck and uncinate process are separated by the ___

A

SMV

55
Q

in sagittal, Neck is ___ to SMV

A

anterior

56
Q

in sagittal, uncinate process is ___ to SMV

A

posterior

57
Q

calliper AP placement for pancreatic duct is placed __ to __

A

inner to inner

58
Q

dorsal and ventral pancreatic anlage fuse at ___ weeks

A

6-8

59
Q

dorsal (cranial) pancreatic anlage forms ___ & ___ of pancreas

A
  1. body

2. tail

60
Q

ventral (caudal) pancreatic anlage forms ___ & ___ of pancreas

A
  1. head

2. uncinate process

61
Q

transducer used for scanning pancreas

A

curved linear 3-5MHz

62
Q

what structure is seen in the body of the pancreas as a thin, bright line

A

pancreatic duct / duct of wirsung

63
Q

echotexture of pancreas

A

homogeneous, can appear heterogeneous depending on interlobular fat (mottled)

64
Q

shape of pancreas

A

sideways apostrophe

65
Q

T/F: pancreas has reflective capsule on US

A

FALSE

66
Q

echogenicity of pancreas__ with age

A

increase

67
Q

bulging structure with same echogenicity and texture as pancreas that is NOT REAL

A

pseudomasses

68
Q

normal variants of pancreas

A
  1. annular pancreas
  2. cysts
  3. agenesis (absent body & tail)
  4. pancreatic divisum (when signle pancreatic duct is not formed - stays as 2 distinct ventral and dorsal ducts )

IMG1034 Abdominal sonography (9 decks)

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