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IMG1034 Abdominal sonography > week 2: abdominal vasculature > Flashcards

week 2: abdominal vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

Flow of blood starting in arteries

A

arteries –> arterioles –> capillaries –> venules –> veins

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2
Q

What Bifurcates

A

Arteries

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3
Q

What confluences

A

Veins

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4
Q

3 layers of arteries and veins from out –> in

A
  1. tunica adventicia
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica intima
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5
Q

smooth muscle layer allows for contraction and dilation

A

tunica media

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6
Q

made of CT, collagen, and elastic fibres for greater elasticity

A

tunica adventitia

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7
Q

small arteries have __ elastic tissue and __ smooth muscle than large arteries

A
  1. less
  2. more
    - Large arteries need more elastic to maintain steady blood flow
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8
Q

hollow, collapsible tubes with diminished tunica media

A

veins

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9
Q

___ have larger total diameter than ____

A
  1. veins

2. arteries

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10
Q

__ does NOT change in diameter with respiration

A

aorta

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11
Q

contain vales that prevent back-flow and permit blood to flow only in 1 direction

A

veins

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12
Q

Aorta is Left of…

A

spine, IVC

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13
Q

Aorta is posterior to

A
  • left lobe of liver
  • body of pancreas
  • pylorus of stomach
  • celiac trunk
  • splenic vein
  • SMA
  • LRV
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14
Q

Aorta is anterior to

A
  • psoas muscle

- spine

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15
Q

Aorta is medial to

A
  • kidney

- tail of pancreas

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16
Q

Max diameter of distal Aorta

A

3.0cm

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17
Q

Branches of the Abdominal Aorta

A
  1. celiac trunk
  2. SMA
  3. Renal arteries
  4. Gonadal arteries
  5. inferior mesenteric artery
  6. common iliac
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18
Q

branches of celiac artery

A
  1. common hepatic
  2. left gastric artery
  3. splenic artery
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19
Q

gastroduodenal artery is a branch of

A

common hepatic artery

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20
Q

proper hepatic artery is a branch of

A

common hepatic artery

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21
Q

R/L/M hepatic arteries are a branch of

A

proper hepatic artery

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22
Q

gastric artery is branch of

A

celiac artery

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23
Q

what is supplied by the celiac artery

A

stomach, liver, spleen and small bowel

-low resistance blood flow

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24
Q

what has continuous forward flow in diastole

A

celiac artery

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25
Q

supplies small bowel, ascending colon, part of trv colon, and head of pancreas

A

SMA

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26
Q

high resistance multiphasic blood flow when fasting

A

SMA

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27
Q

low resistance elevated systolic and diastolic velocity, continuous forward flow following a meal

A

SMA

28
Q

Peak systolic velocity remains unchanged after a meal

A

Celiac artery

29
Q

originates laterally from Ao and supplies the adrenal glands

A

suprarenal arteries

30
Q

Low resistance blood flow, w/continuous forward flow in diastole

A

renal arteries

31
Q

RRA is __ than the LRA

A

longer

– bc coming from left (AO) to right side of body

32
Q

left gonadal artery typically originates more ___ than right

A

superior

33
Q

Supplies: transverse colon, descending, sigmoid and upper rectum

A

IMA (inferior mesenteric artery)

34
Q

most inferior branch supplies the sacrum

A

medial sacral

35
Q

4 arteries that arise on each side of AO

A

lumbar

36
Q

supplies the spinal cord & abdominal wall

A

lumbar arteries

37
Q

supplies the diaphragm

A

phrenic arteries

38
Q

supplies the pelvic viscera, peritoneum, buttocks, and sacral canal

A

internal iliac arteries

39
Q

___ becomes the femoral artery

A

external iliac artery

40
Q

where the femoral becomes popliteal artery and branches

A

back of the knee

41
Q

sonographic appearance of tunica intima

A

echogenic line innermost of vessel wall

42
Q

sonographic appearance of tunica media

A

hypoechoic bw intima and adventitia

43
Q

sonographic appearance of tunica adventitia

A

echogenic line differentiate vessel from surrounding structure

44
Q

T/F: AO is pulsatile, compressible and will change in diameter with respiration

A

FALSE

45
Q

in sagittal view, ___ is superior to the pancreas body

A

celiac artery

46
Q

in transverse,___ is shown as a seagull sign with __ & __ branching off as the wings

A

celiac artery with splenic artery and common hepatic artery

47
Q

___ originates inferior to CA and inferior/ parallel to the AO

A

SMA

48
Q

SMA is ___ to splenic vein in transverse view

A

posterior

49
Q

what artery is NOT constantly identified sonographically

A

IMA

50
Q

T/F IVC is retroperitoneal

A

TRUE

51
Q

___ has low pressure and velocity blood flow

A

veins / IVC

52
Q

contains valves to prevent back flow of blood during diastole

A

veins/ IVC

53
Q

___ thoracic pressures causes blood to move forward in veins

A

Negative

54
Q

IVC is posterior to

A

intestines, liver, head of pancreas

55
Q

IVC is medial to

A

right kidney

56
Q

IVC is right of

A

AO

57
Q

approx size of IVC

A
  1. 5cm

- changes in size with respiration variation

58
Q

drain lower extremities and pelvis

A

common iliac veins

59
Q

drain posterior abdominal wall

A

lumbar veins

60
Q

empties into left renal vein (instead of IVC)

A
  • left gonadal vein

- suprarenal vein

61
Q

left renal vein is ___ than the right renal vein

A

longer

–> crosses anterior of aorta

62
Q

what do the Right, Middle, and Left hepatic veins drain?

A

R- right lobe
M- caudate lobe
L- left lobe

63
Q

drains the diaphragm

A

phrenic veins

64
Q

Low level echoes can be appreciated within the lumen of ___ this is related to the slow moving blood

A

IVC

65
Q

Spontaneous phasic flow and multiphasic pulsatile flow when it nears diaphragm

A

IVC

66
Q

sonographic appearance of Hepatic Veins

A

Anechoic lumen with thin walls

67
Q

these veins lack echogenic walls

A

hepatic veins

IMG1034 Abdominal sonography (9 decks)

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