week 2: abdominal vasculature Flashcards
Flow of blood starting in arteries
arteries –> arterioles –> capillaries –> venules –> veins
What Bifurcates
Arteries
What confluences
Veins
3 layers of arteries and veins from out –> in
- tunica adventicia
- tunica media
- tunica intima
smooth muscle layer allows for contraction and dilation
tunica media
made of CT, collagen, and elastic fibres for greater elasticity
tunica adventitia
small arteries have __ elastic tissue and __ smooth muscle than large arteries
- less
- more
- Large arteries need more elastic to maintain steady blood flow
hollow, collapsible tubes with diminished tunica media
veins
___ have larger total diameter than ____
- veins
2. arteries
__ does NOT change in diameter with respiration
aorta
contain vales that prevent back-flow and permit blood to flow only in 1 direction
veins
Aorta is Left of…
spine, IVC
Aorta is posterior to
- left lobe of liver
- body of pancreas
- pylorus of stomach
- celiac trunk
- splenic vein
- SMA
- LRV
Aorta is anterior to
- psoas muscle
- spine
Aorta is medial to
- kidney
- tail of pancreas
Max diameter of distal Aorta
3.0cm
Branches of the Abdominal Aorta
- celiac trunk
- SMA
- Renal arteries
- Gonadal arteries
- inferior mesenteric artery
- common iliac
branches of celiac artery
- common hepatic
- left gastric artery
- splenic artery
gastroduodenal artery is a branch of
common hepatic artery
proper hepatic artery is a branch of
common hepatic artery
R/L/M hepatic arteries are a branch of
proper hepatic artery
gastric artery is branch of
celiac artery
what is supplied by the celiac artery
stomach, liver, spleen and small bowel
-low resistance blood flow
what has continuous forward flow in diastole
celiac artery
supplies small bowel, ascending colon, part of trv colon, and head of pancreas
SMA
high resistance multiphasic blood flow when fasting
SMA
low resistance elevated systolic and diastolic velocity, continuous forward flow following a meal
SMA
Peak systolic velocity remains unchanged after a meal
Celiac artery
originates laterally from Ao and supplies the adrenal glands
suprarenal arteries
Low resistance blood flow, w/continuous forward flow in diastole
renal arteries
RRA is __ than the LRA
longer
– bc coming from left (AO) to right side of body
left gonadal artery typically originates more ___ than right
superior
Supplies: transverse colon, descending, sigmoid and upper rectum
IMA (inferior mesenteric artery)
most inferior branch supplies the sacrum
medial sacral
4 arteries that arise on each side of AO
lumbar
supplies the spinal cord & abdominal wall
lumbar arteries
supplies the diaphragm
phrenic arteries
supplies the pelvic viscera, peritoneum, buttocks, and sacral canal
internal iliac arteries
___ becomes the femoral artery
external iliac artery
where the femoral becomes popliteal artery and branches
back of the knee
sonographic appearance of tunica intima
echogenic line innermost of vessel wall
sonographic appearance of tunica media
hypoechoic bw intima and adventitia
sonographic appearance of tunica adventitia
echogenic line differentiate vessel from surrounding structure
T/F: AO is pulsatile, compressible and will change in diameter with respiration
FALSE
in sagittal view, ___ is superior to the pancreas body
celiac artery
in transverse,___ is shown as a seagull sign with __ & __ branching off as the wings
celiac artery with splenic artery and common hepatic artery
___ originates inferior to CA and inferior/ parallel to the AO
SMA
SMA is ___ to splenic vein in transverse view
posterior
what artery is NOT constantly identified sonographically
IMA
T/F IVC is retroperitoneal
TRUE
___ has low pressure and velocity blood flow
veins / IVC
contains valves to prevent back flow of blood during diastole
veins/ IVC
___ thoracic pressures causes blood to move forward in veins
Negative
IVC is posterior to
intestines, liver, head of pancreas
IVC is medial to
right kidney
IVC is right of
AO
approx size of IVC
- 5cm
- changes in size with respiration variation
drain lower extremities and pelvis
common iliac veins
drain posterior abdominal wall
lumbar veins
empties into left renal vein (instead of IVC)
- left gonadal vein
- suprarenal vein
left renal vein is ___ than the right renal vein
longer
–> crosses anterior of aorta
what do the Right, Middle, and Left hepatic veins drain?
R- right lobe
M- caudate lobe
L- left lobe
drains the diaphragm
phrenic veins
Low level echoes can be appreciated within the lumen of ___ this is related to the slow moving blood
IVC
Spontaneous phasic flow and multiphasic pulsatile flow when it nears diaphragm
IVC
sonographic appearance of Hepatic Veins
Anechoic lumen with thin walls
these veins lack echogenic walls
hepatic veins
