week 12 - spleen Flashcards
1
Q
spleen is part of the ____ system
A
reticuloendothelial
2
Q
spleen is a intraperitoneal organ in the ___
A
LUQ / left hypochondrium
3
Q
t/f: spleen is essential to life
A
false - it is NOT essential
4
Q
Responsible for the phagocytosis of damaged/old cells, foreign material and pathogens
A
spleen
5
Q
Active in ___ during the first part of fetal life
A
hematopoiesis
6
Q
spleen is composed primarily of ___ tissue
A
lymph
7
Q
spleen is ____ to the body and fundus of the stomach and pancreatic tail
A
posterolateral
8
Q
spleen is ___ to the left colic gutter
A
posterior
9
Q
left kidney is ___ to the medial section of spleen
A
posteroinferior / inferomedial
10
Q
diaphragm, lung, pleura, and ribs are ___ to spleen
A
posterior
11
Q
only portion of spleen not covered by peritoneum
A
splenic hilum
12
Q
what protects the spleen
A
ribs
13
Q
spleen is lateral to
A
stomach and lesser sac
14
Q
longest dimension of spleen should not exceed
A
13cm
15
Q
___ structure with ___ superior surface and ___ inferior surface
A
ovoid
convex
concave
16
Q
describe the contour of the spleen
A
smooth
17
Q
why do we look at the spleen
A
evaluate shape
18
Q
t/f: spleen is highly vascularized
A
true
19
Q
spleen is covered in ___ except for the ___
A
peritoneum
hilum
20
Q
spleen is composed of __ and ___ pulp
A
white
red
21
Q
Lymphatic tissue that surrounds and follows the smaller splenic arteries,
Consists of the Malpighian corpuscles
A
white pulp
22
Q
Small nodular masses of lymphoid tissue attached to smaller arterial branches
A
Malpighian corpuscles
23
Q
Lymphoid tissue follicles surround ___ and are scattered throughout the ___
A
arteries
spleen
24
Q
Red pulp is ___ vascular than white pulp
A
more
25
Contains large numbers of RBCs
red pulp
26
red pulp surround ___
venous sinuses
27
red pulp consists of
splenic sinuses and cords
28
capillaries are ___ thus, RBC __ enter the venous sinuses
permeable
| can
29
vascular supply to spleen
splenic artery from celiac trunk
30
splenic artery courses ___ towards the spleen
laterally
31
___ and ___ branches arise from the splenic artery
pancreatic and gastric
32
splenic artery at hilum branches into ___ arteries
2-4 lobar
33
lobar arteries branch into ___ then into ___ that terminate in ___
lobular
splenic arteries
capillaries
34
helps with the filtering function of the spleen
capillaries
35
The capillaries in spleen anastomose with tiny venous sinuses that form splenic ___
venules
36
converge to form the splenic vein
venules
37
splenic vein course medially to the confluence with ___ to form the ___
superior mesenteric vein (SMV/IMV)
| portal vein
38
Nerves to the spleen accompany the ____ artery and are derived from the ____
splenic
| celiac plexus
39
lymph vessels emerge from ___ and pass through other lymph nodes along the ___ artery then drain into the ____ nodes
splenic hilum
splenic
celiac
40
spleen acts as reservoir for
blood
41
4 major function of spleen
- defense
- hematopoiesis (produce RBC & WBC)
- RBC and platelet destruction
- blood reservoir
42
spleen produces (6)
```
lymphocytes
phagocytes
plasma cells
antibodies
RBC
WBC
```
43
spleen stores ___ and ___
iron
| metabolites
44
spleen regulates the life span of
platelets and leukocytes
45
type of cell destroys invading microbes
platelet
46
what type of cells in spleen are directly involved in immune response
memory cells
47
__ pulp produces lymphocytes and monocytes for ingestion and digestion of pathogens
white
48
when is the spleen involved in hematopoiesis
- in developing fetus
| - in adult suffering severe hemolytic anemia
49
what is hematopoiesis
production of RBC and WBC
50
what is culling
removal of abnormal RBC
51
what is pitting
removal of nuclei from old RBC without damage to the cell
52
filter that help with phagocytosis of old RBC
red pulp & sinuses
53
what happens to iron from hemoglobin of RBC removal that is not used immediately to make more RBC
transported to liver and bone marrow for storage
54
what gives the spleen the ability to act as blood reservoir and store RBC
high smooth muscle content
55
where is blood stored in the spleen
red pulp
56
t/f: blood can be released instantaneously from red pulp if needed
true
57
what is splenomegaly
too many cells and spleen becomes enlarged
58
Indicates the percentage of RBCs per volume of blood.
hematocrit
59
abnormally low hematocrit readings indicate ___
hemorrhage or internal bleeding within body
60
Indicates the presence of bacteria within the body.
bacteremia
61
term for bacteria in the bloodstream
sepsis
62
Typical symptoms of ___: fever and chills, along with other medical conditions
bacteremia
63
The increase in the number of WBCs present in the bloodstream
leukocytosis
64
WBC ___ is usually a typical finding in infection, after surgery, in malignancies, or in presence of leukemia
increase
65
Abnormal decrease in white blood corpuscles
leukopenia
66
leukopenia may be secondary to certain medications or ____disorder
bone marrow
67
Thrombocytopenia
abnormal decrease in platelets
68
thrombocytopenia May be the result of _____
internal hemorrhage
69
splenic masses are ___
rare
70
sonography can help assess splenic damage from ___, such as rupture or hemorrhage
blunt trauma
71
most common use of sonography for spleen is to detect ____
enlargement or splenomegaly
72
long axis measure of spleen greater than ___ indicates splenomegaly
13cm
73
spleen is homogeneous with ___ echogenicity
medium grey
74
___-echoic to ____-echoic compared with normal liver
isoechoic
| hypoechoic
75
spleen is ___-echoic compared to renal cortex
hyperechoic
76
wall margins of spleen are ___
smooth
77
why may spleen be difficult to visualize?
bowl gas or ribs
78
what are the multiple hyperechoic foci that may be identified throughout the spleen
small calcifications
79
spleen typically best seen with ___
intercostal window
80
in ___ plane, sagittal view with the spleen and LK can be visualized
coronal
81
most common congenital anomoly of spleen
accessory splenule
82
Typically found near the hilum or inferior border of spleen, homogeneous isoechoic mass
accessory spleen
83
rare major congenital abnormality
asplenia
84
asplenia
complete absence of spleen
85
polysplenia
multiple small accessory spleens
86
Embryologic anomaly of the dorsal mesentery fails to fuse with the posterior peritoneum without supporting ligaments of the spleen
wandering spleen
87
when spleen is found migrated away from its normal location in the LUQ
wandering spleen
88
The spleen is located in the abdominal cavity outside of where it should be
ectopic
89
In thin individuals the liver can be seen ___ to the spleen
superior
90
things that can simulate a mass on spleen (3)
tail of pancreas
fundus of stomach
superior liver
91
associated tests to visualize spleen
- x-ray
- CT
- MRI
92
hypoechoic mass in spleen
splenic metasis
93
multiple hypoechoic splenic lesions throughout spleen parenchyma
lymphoma
94
hematoma caused by ___
trauma (internal blood collection )
95
in what plane is spleen length measured
sagittal
96
in what plane is spleen width measured
transverse
97
in what plane is spleen depth measured
sagittal or trv from hilum to edge
98
Typically have ___- ___ lymph nodes
500 - 600
99
contains: Lymph, lymphatic vessels, lacteals, lymph nodes and spleen, bone marrow and thymus gland
lymphatics
100
lymphatics collect and transport excess fluids, lymph, from ____ spaces back into the venous system
intertitial
101
Absorb fats from small intestine and transport them to the liver
lymphatics
102
lymphatics utilize ___ tissue and organs to produce cells that fight (immune system) and dispose of foreign material
lymphoid
103
t/f: lymph nodes are routinely seen on ultrasound
false
104
Normal nodes are ____
smaller than the tip of a finger (less than 1 cm)
105
t/f: with pressure from the probe, lymph nodes change shape
false - remain constant shape
106
enlarged lymph nodes should be ___
reproducible
107
abnormal lymph node common sites
- paraaortic/ paracaval near GV
- peripancreatic area
- renal hilar area
- mesenteric region
108
__ frequency probe for superficial nodules
high
109
deep nodules seen with ___ frequency probe
low
110
shape of normal lymph nodes
ovoid
111
parts of lymph node (2)
- cortex
| - hilum
112
part of lymph node that is hypoechoic concentric, containing marginal sinus and lymphoid follicles
cortex
113
part of lymph node that is echogenic/ hyperechoic with multiple reflective interfaces of blood vessels, fat and the central sinus
hilum
114
an abnormal decrease in platelets may be the result of
internal hemorrhage
115
in adults, the spleen is composed primarily of
lymph tissue
116
a spleen that has migrated from it's normal location is termed
wandering spleen
117
all of the following are functions of the spleen except:
- production of plasma cells
- production of lymphocytes
- destruction of RBC
- destruction of WBC
destruction of WBC
118
when describing a normal LN:
- a hyperechoic hilum with hypoechoic cortex
- a circular structure
- a hypoechoic hilum and hyperechoic cortex
- a solid hypoechoic ovioid structure
-a hyperechoic hilum with hypoechoic cortex
119
which of the following is recycled into iron by the spleen
hemoglobin
120
lymph nodes are located in all but the following:
- groin
- axillae
- abdomen
- all of the above are locations of LN
all of the above are ocations of LN
121
the hilar area of the spleen is
- not covered by peritoneum
- comparable to the hilum of the kidneys
- contains arteries and veins
- all of the above
all of the above
122
the splenic artery arises from the
CT
123
the splenic vein courses along the posterior border of the
pancreas
124
the primary component of white pulp is:
- malpghian corpuscles
- epithelial cells
- red and pink pulp
- splenic cords
-malpghian corpuscles
125
the spleen is anterior to the
- diaphragm and stomach
- tail of pancreas
- left lung
- left kidney
left lung
126
the echogenicity of the spleen can be described as which of the following:
- medium level echoes
- anechoic
- low level echoes
- high level echoes
medium level echoes
127
t/f: the spleen is posterolateral to both the pancreatic tail and part of the large intestine
true
