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IMG1034 Abdominal sonography > week 12 - spleen > Flashcards

week 12 - spleen Flashcards

1
Q

spleen is part of the ____ system

A

reticuloendothelial

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2
Q

spleen is a intraperitoneal organ in the ___

A

LUQ / left hypochondrium

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3
Q

t/f: spleen is essential to life

A

false - it is NOT essential

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4
Q

Responsible for the phagocytosis of damaged/old cells, foreign material and pathogens

A

spleen

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5
Q

Active in ___ during the first part of fetal life

A

hematopoiesis

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6
Q

spleen is composed primarily of ___ tissue

A

lymph

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7
Q

spleen is ____ to the body and fundus of the stomach and pancreatic tail

A

posterolateral

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8
Q

spleen is ___ to the left colic gutter

A

posterior

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9
Q

left kidney is ___ to the medial section of spleen

A

posteroinferior / inferomedial

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10
Q

diaphragm, lung, pleura, and ribs are ___ to spleen

A

posterior

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11
Q

only portion of spleen not covered by peritoneum

A

splenic hilum

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12
Q

what protects the spleen

A

ribs

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13
Q

spleen is lateral to

A

stomach and lesser sac

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14
Q

longest dimension of spleen should not exceed

A

13cm

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15
Q

___ structure with ___ superior surface and ___ inferior surface

A

ovoid
convex
concave

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16
Q

describe the contour of the spleen

A

smooth

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17
Q

why do we look at the spleen

A

evaluate shape

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18
Q

t/f: spleen is highly vascularized

A

true

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19
Q

spleen is covered in ___ except for the ___

A

peritoneum

hilum

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20
Q

spleen is composed of __ and ___ pulp

A

white

red

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21
Q

Lymphatic tissue that surrounds and follows the smaller splenic arteries,
Consists of the Malpighian corpuscles

A

white pulp

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22
Q

Small nodular masses of lymphoid tissue attached to smaller arterial branches

A

Malpighian corpuscles

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23
Q

Lymphoid tissue follicles surround ___ and are scattered throughout the ___

A

arteries

spleen

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24
Q

Red pulp is ___ vascular than white pulp

A

more

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25
Q

Contains large numbers of RBCs

A

red pulp

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26
Q

red pulp surround ___

A

venous sinuses

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27
Q

red pulp consists of

A

splenic sinuses and cords

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28
Q

capillaries are ___ thus, RBC __ enter the venous sinuses

A

permeable

can

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29
Q

vascular supply to spleen

A

splenic artery from celiac trunk

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30
Q

splenic artery courses ___ towards the spleen

A

laterally

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31
Q

___ and ___ branches arise from the splenic artery

A

pancreatic and gastric

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32
Q

splenic artery at hilum branches into ___ arteries

A

2-4 lobar

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33
Q

lobar arteries branch into ___ then into ___ that terminate in ___

A

lobular
splenic arteries
capillaries

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34
Q

helps with the filtering function of the spleen

A

capillaries

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35
Q

The capillaries in spleen anastomose with tiny venous sinuses that form splenic ___

A

venules

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36
Q

converge to form the splenic vein

A

venules

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37
Q

splenic vein course medially to the confluence with ___ to form the ___

A

superior mesenteric vein (SMV/IMV)

portal vein

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38
Q

Nerves to the spleen accompany the ____ artery and are derived from the ____

A

splenic

celiac plexus

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39
Q

lymph vessels emerge from ___ and pass through other lymph nodes along the ___ artery then drain into the ____ nodes

A

splenic hilum
splenic
celiac

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40
Q

spleen acts as reservoir for

A

blood

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41
Q

4 major function of spleen

A
  • defense
  • hematopoiesis (produce RBC & WBC)
  • RBC and platelet destruction
  • blood reservoir
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42
Q

spleen produces (6)

A 
lymphocytes
phagocytes
plasma cells
antibodies
RBC
WBC
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43
Q

spleen stores ___ and ___

A

iron

metabolites

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44
Q

spleen regulates the life span of

A

platelets and leukocytes

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45
Q

type of cell destroys invading microbes

A

platelet

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46
Q

what type of cells in spleen are directly involved in immune response

A

memory cells

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47
Q

__ pulp produces lymphocytes and monocytes for ingestion and digestion of pathogens

A

white

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48
Q

when is the spleen involved in hematopoiesis

A
  • in developing fetus

- in adult suffering severe hemolytic anemia

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49
Q

what is hematopoiesis

A

production of RBC and WBC

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50
Q

what is culling

A

removal of abnormal RBC

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51
Q

what is pitting

A

removal of nuclei from old RBC without damage to the cell

52
Q

filter that help with phagocytosis of old RBC

A

red pulp & sinuses

53
Q

what happens to iron from hemoglobin of RBC removal that is not used immediately to make more RBC

A

transported to liver and bone marrow for storage

54
Q

what gives the spleen the ability to act as blood reservoir and store RBC

A

high smooth muscle content

55
Q

where is blood stored in the spleen

A

red pulp

56
Q

t/f: blood can be released instantaneously from red pulp if needed

A

true

57
Q

what is splenomegaly

A

too many cells and spleen becomes enlarged

58
Q

Indicates the percentage of RBCs per volume of blood.

A

hematocrit

59
Q

abnormally low hematocrit readings indicate ___

A

hemorrhage or internal bleeding within body

60
Q

Indicates the presence of bacteria within the body.

A

bacteremia

61
Q

term for bacteria in the bloodstream

A

sepsis

62
Q

Typical symptoms of ___: fever and chills, along with other medical conditions

A

bacteremia

63
Q

The increase in the number of WBCs present in the bloodstream

A

leukocytosis

64
Q

WBC ___ is usually a typical finding in infection, after surgery, in malignancies, or in presence of leukemia

A

increase

65
Q

Abnormal decrease in white blood corpuscles

A

leukopenia

66
Q

leukopenia may be secondary to certain medications or ____disorder

A

bone marrow

67
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

abnormal decrease in platelets

68
Q

thrombocytopenia May be the result of _____

A

internal hemorrhage

69
Q

splenic masses are ___

A

rare

70
Q

sonography can help assess splenic damage from ___, such as rupture or hemorrhage

A

blunt trauma

71
Q

most common use of sonography for spleen is to detect ____

A

enlargement or splenomegaly

72
Q

long axis measure of spleen greater than ___ indicates splenomegaly

A

13cm

73
Q

spleen is homogeneous with ___ echogenicity

A

medium grey

74
Q

___-echoic to ____-echoic compared with normal liver

A

isoechoic

hypoechoic

75
Q

spleen is ___-echoic compared to renal cortex

A

hyperechoic

76
Q

wall margins of spleen are ___

A

smooth

77
Q

why may spleen be difficult to visualize?

A

bowl gas or ribs

78
Q

what are the multiple hyperechoic foci that may be identified throughout the spleen

A

small calcifications

79
Q

spleen typically best seen with ___

A

intercostal window

80
Q

in ___ plane, sagittal view with the spleen and LK can be visualized

A

coronal

81
Q

most common congenital anomoly of spleen

A

accessory splenule

82
Q

Typically found near the hilum or inferior border of spleen, homogeneous isoechoic mass

A

accessory spleen

83
Q

rare major congenital abnormality

A

asplenia

84
Q

asplenia

A

complete absence of spleen

85
Q

polysplenia

A

multiple small accessory spleens

86
Q

Embryologic anomaly of the dorsal mesentery fails to fuse with the posterior peritoneum without supporting ligaments of the spleen

A

wandering spleen

87
Q

when spleen is found migrated away from its normal location in the LUQ

A

wandering spleen

88
Q

The spleen is located in the abdominal cavity outside of where it should be

A

ectopic

89
Q

In thin individuals the liver can be seen ___ to the spleen

A

superior

90
Q

things that can simulate a mass on spleen (3)

A

tail of pancreas
fundus of stomach
superior liver

91
Q

associated tests to visualize spleen

A
  • x-ray
  • CT
  • MRI
92
Q

hypoechoic mass in spleen

A

splenic metasis

93
Q

multiple hypoechoic splenic lesions throughout spleen parenchyma

A

lymphoma

94
Q

hematoma caused by ___

A

trauma (internal blood collection )

95
Q

in what plane is spleen length measured

A

sagittal

96
Q

in what plane is spleen width measured

A

transverse

97
Q

in what plane is spleen depth measured

A

sagittal or trv from hilum to edge

98
Q

Typically have ___- ___ lymph nodes

A

500 - 600

99
Q

contains: Lymph, lymphatic vessels, lacteals, lymph nodes and spleen, bone marrow and thymus gland

A

lymphatics

100
Q

lymphatics collect and transport excess fluids, lymph, from ____ spaces back into the venous system

A

intertitial

101
Q

Absorb fats from small intestine and transport them to the liver

A

lymphatics

102
Q

lymphatics utilize ___ tissue and organs to produce cells that fight (immune system) and dispose of foreign material

A

lymphoid

103
Q

t/f: lymph nodes are routinely seen on ultrasound

A

false

104
Q

Normal nodes are ____

A

smaller than the tip of a finger (less than 1 cm)

105
Q

t/f: with pressure from the probe, lymph nodes change shape

A

false - remain constant shape

106
Q

enlarged lymph nodes should be ___

A

reproducible

107
Q

abnormal lymph node common sites

A
  • paraaortic/ paracaval near GV
  • peripancreatic area
  • renal hilar area
  • mesenteric region
108
Q

__ frequency probe for superficial nodules

A

high

109
Q

deep nodules seen with ___ frequency probe

A

low

110
Q

shape of normal lymph nodes

A

ovoid

111
Q

parts of lymph node (2)

A
  • cortex

- hilum

112
Q

part of lymph node that is hypoechoic concentric, containing marginal sinus and lymphoid follicles

A

cortex

113
Q

part of lymph node that is echogenic/ hyperechoic with multiple reflective interfaces of blood vessels, fat and the central sinus

A

hilum

114
Q

an abnormal decrease in platelets may be the result of

A

internal hemorrhage

115
Q

in adults, the spleen is composed primarily of

A

lymph tissue

116
Q

a spleen that has migrated from it’s normal location is termed

A

wandering spleen

117
Q

all of the following are functions of the spleen except:

  • production of plasma cells
  • production of lymphocytes
  • destruction of RBC
  • destruction of WBC
A

destruction of WBC

118
Q

when describing a normal LN:

  • a hyperechoic hilum with hypoechoic cortex
  • a circular structure
  • a hypoechoic hilum and hyperechoic cortex
  • a solid hypoechoic ovioid structure
A

-a hyperechoic hilum with hypoechoic cortex

119
Q

which of the following is recycled into iron by the spleen

A

hemoglobin

120
Q

lymph nodes are located in all but the following:

  • groin
  • axillae
  • abdomen
  • all of the above are locations of LN
A

all of the above are ocations of LN

121
Q

the hilar area of the spleen is

  • not covered by peritoneum
  • comparable to the hilum of the kidneys
  • contains arteries and veins
  • all of the above
A

all of the above

122
Q

the splenic artery arises from the

A

CT

123
Q

the splenic vein courses along the posterior border of the

A

pancreas

124
Q

the primary component of white pulp is:

  • malpghian corpuscles
  • epithelial cells
  • red and pink pulp
  • splenic cords
A

-malpghian corpuscles

125
Q

the spleen is anterior to the

  • diaphragm and stomach
  • tail of pancreas
  • left lung
  • left kidney
A

left lung

126
Q

the echogenicity of the spleen can be described as which of the following:

  • medium level echoes
  • anechoic
  • low level echoes
  • high level echoes
A

medium level echoes

127
Q

t/f: the spleen is posterolateral to both the pancreatic tail and part of the large intestine

A

true

IMG1034 Abdominal sonography (9 decks)

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