Week 3 - F(2) - Childhood Diseases Peer Tutoring 2.0 Flashcards
Cold like symptoms eg cough and fever Oral white lesions on the mucosa Maculopapular rash that may be itchy What is this?
Measles
How long does the cold like symptoms precede the rash in measles?
• Cold like symptoms followed by rash 2-4 days later
How does mumps present?
Mumps presents with parotid gland swelling Temperature Headache
What is spread by an RNA virus where it is infectious for the 5 days before and after a rash the rash starts on the face before spreading down the body and lasts 2-3days Also have lymphadenopathy What is this?
This is rubella
A 2 year old boy attends with a fever, cough, maculopapular rash that first appeared behind the ear and has now spread to the tunk. On further investigation you notice small white lesions on the oral mucosa What is the diagnosis?
Measles
Describe how the symptoms of measles appear?
Patient usually presents with cold like symptoms and koplik spots that precede a rash by 2-3 days The rash then usually starts on the head/neck region before spreading to the rest of the body
What are the white lesions on the oral mucosa in measles known as?
Koplik spots
A 7 year old girl present with painful elsions around her mouth which have a golden crust. What is this and what is the treatment?
Impetigo -treat with flucloxacillin
A 3 year old boy presents with 1 day history of feeling unwell, high fever and noisy breathing. He is noted to be drooling saliva What is this?
Epiglottitis
2 year old is admitted at 2am with a cough and inspiratory stidor. His mum describes his feeling hot with a runny nose for the past 3 days/ What is this? What causes it?
Croup caused by parainfluenza Virus
An 8 month old boy presents with a dry cough. On examination you find a high pitched expiratory wheeze and suspect his chest is hyperinflated. What is this and what causes it?
Bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncitial virus
Type of breathing in bronchiolitis vs croup?
Croup is child with inspiratory stridor Bronchiolitis tends to be expiratory wheeze
An infant presents, following a 1 week history of a cold, with coughing fits. His mother expresses concerns as he seems to stop breathing at the ends of these fits What is this and what causes it?
Pertussis Caused by bordatella pertussis
What is the treatment of epiglottitis?
Give IV ceftriaxone
What tests are done to diagnose developmental dysplasia of the hip?
Ortolani and barlow Barlow - adduct and the move hip posteriroly to dislocate hip Ortolani - abduct and then move hip anteriorly to relocate
What are some of the common cause of groin pain in children?
Transient synovitis and septic arthritis are the most common causes of hip pathology Perthes and DDH also cause this
What is used to diagnoses a child with developmental dysplasia of the hip below and above 6 months?
Below 6 is ultrasound Above 6 is xray as the femoral head epiphysis has ossified
What are signs of DDH? Whatt is used as treatment?
Shortned limb with antalgic gait Palvik harness for treatment
idiopathic osteochondritis of the femoral head which usually occurs between the ages of 4 to 9 and is more common in boys (around 5:1), particularly very active boys of short stature. The femoral head transiently loses its blood supply resulting in necrosis with subsequent abnormal growth. The femoral head may collapse of fracture. What is this? What type of gait does it cause?
This is Perthe’s disease Can cause trendelenburgs gait
Patients have pain and a limp. The pain may be felt in the groin (like other hip pathology) however the major pitfall is that patients can present purely with pain in the knee (due to the obturator nerve supplying both the hip and knee joint) What is this and what is the major first clincial sign?
SUFE - loss of internal rotation is first clinical sign
What is the most common cause of neonatal jaundice?
Physiological jaundcie
What time scale can physiological jaundice occur?
Occurs between 24 hours and 2 weeks - treatment is just observation
What is the physiology behind physiological jaundice?
Newborn jaundice occurs when a baby has a high level of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow substance that the body creates when it replaces old red blood cells. The liver helps break down the substance so it can be removed from the body in the stool. The liver takes some time to fully work effecieintly in jaundice
What is a cause of physiological jaundice?
* Increased bilirubin production in neonates due to shorter RBC lifespan * Decreased bilirubin conjugation due to hepatic immaturity * Absence of gut flora impedes elimination of bile pigment * Breastfeeding increases enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin
What immunoglobulin does breastfeeding provide the baby with? What supplements are given to the mother / baby in addition to breastfeeding?
Provides baby with IgA, Mother is supposed to take 10 micrograms / day vitamin D during pregnancy and when breastfeeding All infants from 6 months - given 7 micrograms vitamin D
What is used to treat pathological neonatal jaundice?
Use photo-therapy to teat this
What are some causes of neonatal jaundice?
Hypothyroidism, sickle cell anaemia, infection
is a rare but serious complication of untreated jaundice in babies. It’s caused by excess bilirubin damaging the brain or central nervous system. What is this?
Kernicterus
What are differentiating factors between rubella and measles?
Both have cold preceding the rash by 2-3 days Rash in rubella usually begins behind the ears Rash in measles usually begins on head/neck Measles also have spots on oral mucosa - koplik spots Rubella has associated adenopathy
