Week 2 - A - Immunity definitions Flashcards
How does a vaccination provide a person with immunisation to a pathogen?
Giving the vaccine stimulates your immune system so that it can recognise the disease and protect you from it in the future
This now means you have immunisation
There are two types of immune system
Innate immunity and acquired immunity
Which is non-specific and does not have a memory (not enhanced by previous exposure to antigen)
The innate immunity is non-specific
Why is the acquired immunity specific?
It has components that can recognise variation in foreign material and therefore has a memory
What is an example of a disease where the acquired immunity develops due to previous exposure?
Chicken pox
What produces antibodies in response to infection?
B-lymphocytes
Immunity can be acquired via active and passive immunity
What are the two forms of active immunity?
Natural Infection
or
Artificial immunisation
What are the two forms of passive immunity?
Natural transplacental transfer from mother to foetus
or
Atificial human IgG
What antibody is passed via placenta?
Which is given via breast milk?
IgG is transferred from mother to foetus via placenta
IgA is transferred via breast milk
Define extinction?
The specific infections no longer exists in nature or laboratory
Eradication: Permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts; intervention measures are no longer needed
Give an example of a disease which is eradicated?
Smallpox
What is meant by herd immunity?
Indirect protection of a population provided by immunisation a %, causing slow/prevention of the spread of infection
What type of vaccine is a weakened live form given to produce a natural immune response?
Give an example
Live attenuated vaccine
examples- measles, mumps, rubella
What is meant by an inactivated vaccine?
made by inactivating or killing the virus.
inactivated vaccines still have the antigens necessary to elecit an immune response
Give two examples of an inactivated vaccine?
Two examples are pertussis and typhoid
What are weakened vaccines that contain toxins of the organism? what are two examples?
Toxoid vaccines
two examples are diptheria and tetanus
What are the main contraindications to vaccines? (there are 4)
Acute illness
Severe/anaphylaxis to previous dose
Fever greater than 39.5 within 48hrs
Immunocompromised children
Which vaccines contain egg components that people with egg allergy should avoid?
Yellow fever vaccine
and
Flu vaccine
When do people receive the HPV vaccine?
Girls and boys aged 12 to 13 years are offered the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine as part of the NHS vaccination programme
MSM up to the age of 45 years old
What is the name for the HPV vaccine and what subtypes of HPV does it protect against?
Gardasil is the name
Protects against subtypes 6,11,16and18
What vaccine is thought to give more than 70% protection against tuberculosis?
BCG-vaccine (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin)
A child and young persons experiences in early life have a crucial impact upon adult health and life chances
What are examples of negative effects upon adult life that happened as children?
Deprivation
Not being told they were loved
Abuse
Bad role models
In 6-8 weeks of a babies life, who comes to visit the baby to screen?
The health visitor and the GP
Just to make sure the baby is developing okay
