Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiopulmonary > Week 3 EKG > Flashcards

Week 3 EKG Flashcards

1
Q

A physician has documented an irregularly irregular cardiac rhythm with a heart rate of 150 bpm in a chart of a patient. The BEST interpretation of this rhythm is:

A

Uncontrolled atrial fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The presence of a significant Q wave (one-third the size of the QRS complex) on an ECG indicates which of the following?

A

Previous infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following reasons are considered indications for a Holter monitor?

A

All of the above
(Evaluating antiarrhythmic therapy or pacemaker functioning, Identifying symptoms caused by arrhythmias, Describing the arrhythmias noted with activity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following changes on an EKG BEST indicates the presence of an acute infarction?

A

ST-segment elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the significance of the “big boxes” on the EKG tracing?

A

Each big box represents 0.2 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

an EKG detects ___ issues and may indirectly relate to __ problems?

A

electrical conduction; mechanical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how much time does one small box = on an EKG?

A

0.04 sec
1mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

one an EKG you use time to determine:

A

HR and duration of certain features of the EKG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many small boxes are in a large box on an EKG?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

on the Y axis of the EKG was does each mm equal?

A

0.1mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

on the y axis of an EKG how many boxes = 1mV?

A

10 small boxes (10 mm) or 2 big boxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what can the voltage measure on an EKG be used as criteria for?

A

ventricular hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the PR interval represent?

A

the pause at the AV node
(time between atrial depolarization and ventricular depolarization)
after the atria depolarize and before the ventricles depolarize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does a long PR interval indicate?

A

a delay or heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the QT interval represent?

A

The time to depolarize and repolarize the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the P wave represent?

A

atrial depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the distance from the t-wave to the next p-wave represent?

A

after the ventricles have completed repolarization and before the atra depolarize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does the ST segment represent?

A

after the ventricles depolarize and before the ventricles repolarize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the 3 times in the cardiac cycle where isoelectric condition should occur?

A

t-wave to p-wave
PR segment
ST segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is happening if all three of the areas where isoelectric condition are supposed to occur are not the same?

A

-an area of the heart has a different potential than another
-an area of the heart is not depolarizing normally
-an area is not repolarizing normally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are some causes for a wandering baseline?

A

-poor preparation of the electrode and skin
-loose wires
-moving clothing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the 60 cycle interference?

A

devices such as elevators and overhead lights using 60 Hz wall current superimposed on the trace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the path of depolarization of the heart?

A

-impulse spread from SA node throughout both atria
-reaches the AV node; delays the spread of impulse and allows time for efficient blood flow
-travels into left and right bundle branches
-then into perkinje fibers

24
Q

what is the sequence of depolarization?

A

-SA node
-atria
-AV node (brief pause)
-bundle of His and bundle branches
-apex of the heart
-base of the heart

25
Q

normally the wave of depolarization moves ___.

A

down and to the left

26
Q

what is upward (+) deflection?

A

current moving almost directly toward positive electrode

27
Q

what is downward (-) deflection?

A

current moving away from positive electrode

28
Q

what happens if movement is perfectly perpendicular to the positive electrode?

A

a flat line will show

29
Q

what happens if movement is close to perpendicular to the positive electrode?

A

a small upward deflection followed by a nearly equally-sized downward deflection

30
Q

what does Q represent?

A

1st part of ventricular depolarization

31
Q

what does the PR interval represent?

A

pause, atrial depolarization in complete and AV impulse has not yet started

32
Q

what does the ST segment represent?

A

ventricular depolarization is complete

33
Q

what does the t-wave represent?

A

ventricular repolarizatoin

34
Q

Which direction should the axis of depolarization be pointing and why?

A

down and to the left towards the muscular left ventricle which is the workhorse of the heart

35
Q

what should the p-wave look like?

A

upright and symmetric

36
Q

what does a large Q wave indicate?

A

disease

37
Q

what on an EKG is indicative of an old MI?

A

a q-wave with a magnitude of greater than 1/3 of the magnitude of the QRS complex

38
Q

what does the size of the R wave relative to the S wave indicate?

A

whether the vector is more towards the positive electrode or away from the positive electrode

39
Q

what shape should the t-wave be?

A

upright and symmetric

40
Q

what does an inverted, flat or biphasic t-wave indicate?

A

abnormal repolarization usually due to ischemic disease

41
Q

what is an R’ wave?

A

a 2nd upward deflection following the r-wave

42
Q

what does an R’ wave indicate?

A

abnormal conduction through one bundle branch (blocked)

43
Q

what is a segment?

A

between two wave

44
Q

what is an interval?

A

between two waves but includes a wave

45
Q

the PR interval represents the time elapsed between the:

A

onset of atrial depolarization and the onset of ventricular depolarization

46
Q

what is ST segment depression?

A

ST segment drawn below isoelectric line
T-wave starts below the isoelectric line and finishes on the isoelectric line

47
Q

what does ST depression indicate?

A

ischemia

48
Q

what is ST segment elevation?

A

ST segment drawn above the isoelectric line
the r wave begins on the isoelectric line and finishes above it
the t wave begins at an elevated position on the tracing and finishes on isoelectric liine

49
Q

what does ST segment elevation indicate?

A

acute myocardial infarction in the area of the heart “best seen” by this lead

50
Q

what is the conduction rate of the SA node?

A

60-100 bpm

51
Q

what is the conduction rate of the AV node?

A

40-60 bpm

52
Q

what is the conduction rate of the bundle of his?

A

40-60bpm

53
Q

what is a pacemaker cell?

A

the cell that has the fastest rate of spontaneous depolarization
normally the SA node but can be AV node or ventricular cells

54
Q

the AV node and some ventricular cells can become pacemaker due to:

A

increased automaticity of these cells
failure of faster pacemaker

55
Q

how does the ANS influence the rate of spontaneous depolarization?

A

slowed by the release of ACh by parasympathetic nerves
accelerated by release of NE by sympathetic nerves or circulating epinephrine

56
Q

what is bradycardia?

A

<60bpm

57
Q

what is tachycardia?

A

> 100bpm

Cardiopulmonary (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions