Week 1 A&P Review

Question 1

The P wave and QRS wave of a standard ECG represent which of the following events?

Answer 1

Atrial depolarization and ventricular depolarization

Question 2

What is the highest oxygen consumption achieved during exercise called?

Answer 2

VO2peak

Question 3

When expressed in terms of milliliters of oxygen consumed per kg of body weight per minute, what does 3 METs equal?

Answer 3

10.5 mL . kg-1 . min-1

Question 4

Which of the following statements would be true for exercise that is achieved through arm as compared to leg ergometry at the same workload?

Answer 4

Arm exercise has higher heart rate and higher blood pressure than leg exercise

Question 5

The vagus nerve is under ____ control and functions to ____ heart rate.

Answer 5

parasympathetic; slow

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of extrinsic control of heart activity?

Answer 5

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are released and lead to increased heart rate.

Question 6

The most important variable that determines resistance to blood flow is

Answer 6

the diameter of the vessel

Question 7

What does a prolonged Valsalva maneuver produce?

Answer 7

A rapid & dangerous rise in blood pressure

Question 8

A typical partial pressure for oxygen in the alveoli is around

Answer 8

104 mmHg

Question 9

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood principally as

Answer 9

bicarbonate

Question 10

The heart’s main nutrient blood supply is provided via _____ that originate off of the _____.

Answer 10

the right and left coronary arteries, aorta

Question 11

In healthy individuals, what provides the most important respiratory stimulus at rest?

Answer 11

Carbon dioxide pressure in arterial plasma

Question 12

Adequate gas exchange between alveoli and blood requires effective matching of alveolar ventilation to:

Answer 12

Blood perfusing the pulmonary capillaries

Question 13

The volume that describes air volume moved during either the inspiratory or expiratory phase of each breathing cycle is the:

Answer 13

Tidal volume

Question 14

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the lungs and the blood is called

Answer 14

pulmonary diffusion

Question 15

What factors are associated with the faster dissociation of oxygen from red blood cells?

Answer 15

increased PO2 gradient, increased acidity, decreased pH, increased temperature

Question 16

Hypertrophy of the heart occurs due to

Answer 16

All of these are correct.
increased resistance activity
increased aerobic activity
certain diseases such as hypertension
increased physical activity

Question 17

What does the arteriovenous oxygen difference describe?

Answer 17

The amount of oxygen extracted from the blood by the tissues

Question 18

Which of the following spirometry measures can help detect pulmonary obstructive conditions like asthma or COPD?

Answer 18

FEV1/FVC

Question 19

Nitric oxide causes what changes in blood vessels?

Answer 19

Vasodilation and decreased vascular resistance

Question 20

Which is true about the oxidative capacity of myocardial tissue compared to that of skeletal tissue?

Answer 20

Myocardium is more susceptible to injury from ischemia

Question 21

Choose all correct answers.

Which of the following is true about VO2?

Answer 21

VO2 rapidly decreases with bedrest or inactivity
VO2 is or can be maintained at the highest regular activity level
VO2 has a linear relationship with heart rate

Question 22

In a person with limited cardiac capacity like chronic heart failure, training can improve performance and oxygen utilization at the local tissue level.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

The blood pressure response with increased intensity during resistance training is systolic increases diastolic increases

and during aerobic training is systolic increases diastolic stays the same

Answer 23

increases; increases; increases; stays the same