Week 1 A&P Review Flashcards
The P wave and QRS wave of a standard ECG represent which of the following events?
Atrial depolarization and ventricular depolarization
What is the highest oxygen consumption achieved during exercise called?
VO2peak
When expressed in terms of milliliters of oxygen consumed per kg of body weight per minute, what does 3 METs equal?
10.5 mL . kg-1 . min-1
Which of the following statements would be true for exercise that is achieved through arm as compared to leg ergometry at the same workload?
Arm exercise has higher heart rate and higher blood pressure than leg exercise
The vagus nerve is under ____ control and functions to ____ heart rate.
parasympathetic; slow
Which of the following is an example of extrinsic control of heart activity?
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are released and lead to increased heart rate.
The most important variable that determines resistance to blood flow is
the diameter of the vessel
What does a prolonged Valsalva maneuver produce?
A rapid & dangerous rise in blood pressure
A typical partial pressure for oxygen in the alveoli is around
104 mmHg
Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood principally as
bicarbonate
The heart’s main nutrient blood supply is provided via _____ that originate off of the _____.
the right and left coronary arteries, aorta
In healthy individuals, what provides the most important respiratory stimulus at rest?
Carbon dioxide pressure in arterial plasma
Adequate gas exchange between alveoli and blood requires effective matching of alveolar ventilation to:
Blood perfusing the pulmonary capillaries
The volume that describes air volume moved during either the inspiratory or expiratory phase of each breathing cycle is the:
Tidal volume
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the lungs and the blood is called
pulmonary diffusion
What factors are associated with the faster dissociation of oxygen from red blood cells?
increased PO2 gradient, increased acidity, decreased pH, increased temperature
Hypertrophy of the heart occurs due to
All of these are correct.
increased resistance activity
increased aerobic activity
certain diseases such as hypertension
increased physical activity
What does the arteriovenous oxygen difference describe?
The amount of oxygen extracted from the blood by the tissues
Which of the following spirometry measures can help detect pulmonary obstructive conditions like asthma or COPD?
FEV1/FVC
Nitric oxide causes what changes in blood vessels?
Vasodilation and decreased vascular resistance
Which is true about the oxidative capacity of myocardial tissue compared to that of skeletal tissue?
Myocardium is more susceptible to injury from ischemia
Choose all correct answers.
Which of the following is true about VO2?
VO2 rapidly decreases with bedrest or inactivity
VO2 is or can be maintained at the highest regular activity level
VO2 has a linear relationship with heart rate
In a person with limited cardiac capacity like chronic heart failure, training can improve performance and oxygen utilization at the local tissue level.
True
The blood pressure response with increased intensity during resistance training is systolic increases diastolic increases
and during aerobic training is systolic increases diastolic stays the same
increases; increases; increases; stays the same
