Unit 2 Week 6 Venous conditions

Question 1

what is the effect of the skeletal muscle pumping?

Answer 1

Prevents pooling and edema
Directs blood back towards the heart

Question 2

what are varicose veins?

Answer 2

One-way valves become defective -> blood pools
Visible in surface veins
Most frequently in legs

Question 3

what is phlebitis?

Answer 3

Varicose veins w/ inflammation

Question 4

what are the signs and symptoms of venous insufficiency?

Answer 4

Varicose veins
Pain and heaviness
Restless leg syndrome
Leg cramps
Itchy skin
Darkened, hard, leathery skin

Question 5

what are the risk factors for venous insufficiency?

Answer 5

age,
genetics,
obesity,
prolonged standing
sedentary lifestyle
smoking
female hormones

Question 6

what interventions can be used for venous insufficiency?

Answer 6

Exercise
Elevation of affected extremity
Avoiding long periods of standing or sitting
Compression garments (socks, stockings etc)
Wound management

Question 7

what is a Venous Thromboembolism?

Answer 7

formation of blood clot (thrombus) in a vein

Question 8

what are the common DVT locations?

Answer 8

Calf
Thigh- popliteal area
Pelvis –femoral
Upper extremities

Question 9

what is a pulmonary embolism?

Answer 9

a life-threatening, acute complication of DVT
DVT clot dislodges, travels through the venous system through the right side of the heart blockage in the pulmonary circulation

Question 10

Why do DVT s form? When do they occur?

Answer 10

Coagulation cascade is activated when injury to blood vessels occurs
Results in a state of hypercoagulability – for at least 5-6 weeks
Surgeries, Other trauma (MVA, falls), Active cancer

Question 11

what are the signs and symptoms of PE?

Answer 11

◦ Dyspnea
◦ Chest pain
◦ Presyncope or syncope
◦ Hemoptysis
◦ HR elevated > 95 at rest

Question 12

what shows an increased risk of PE?

Answer 12

◦ Elevated Padua score
◦ Signs of DVT - unilateral LE swelling or pain

Question 13

When Pt has Positive DVT: Prior to mobilization you should __.

Answer 13

Check for anticoagulation medications
* Heparin, Lovenox, Arixtra, Xarelto or warfarin (coumadin)
* PTs can assess the most current aPTT levels and mobilize patients when they achieve a therapeutic level.
* Monitor/observe for signs of increased bleeding or bruising in patients who are taking anticoagulants
* When established LE DVT below the knee is NOT anticoagulated, and has NO IVC filter, consult with the medical team prior to mobilization

Question 14

what is the therapeutic range for heparin?

Answer 14

aPTT 1.5 to 2.5 times the control value (in seconds).

Question 15

When it is Safe to Mobilize if a DVT is found?

Answer 15

◦ After initiation of coagulation
◦ Check aPTT time (1.5-2.5 )
◦ NO MOB < 3 hours
◦ >5 hours safe to mobilize
◦ Check with physician if 3-5 hours