Unit 2 Week 5 Surgical Treatment Flashcards
what are the three major purposes of the GXT?
detect ischemic heart disease under controlled conditions
detect exercise-induced arrhythmias
evaluate hemodynamics during exercise
what are some alternatives to GXT?
pharmacologic testing
imaging
imaging combined with GXT
how does dipyridamole and adenosine pharmacologic stress testing work?
designed to cause blood vessel dilation
dilates healthy arteries; unhealthy arteries do not due to plaque build up
how does dobutamine pharmacologic stress testing work?
increases mVO2
Radionuclide imaging or Echocardiography are
used to assess for abnormal wall movement
indicative of ischemia
what is an echocardiography? what is it used for?
Noninvasive, real-time imaging of valve function and dimensions of the heart
Also used to detect heart motion and estimate SV and EF
what can an echocardiography rule in/out?
- Pericardial effusion
- Cardiac tamponade
- Cardiomyopathy
- Masses in/on heart
what is Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)?
same procedure as echocardiography only it is done down the throat and into the esophagus to get a better visual without the ribs being in the way
what is Rapid computed tomography used for?
to view early calcification of the coronary vessels
detects calcium deposits that can develop in the atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries when heart disease is present
what does Thallium 201 show?
the size of the heart chambers, how effectively the heart can pump (ventricular function), how well the coronary arteries supply the heart with blood (myocardial perfusion), and if the heart muscle is damaged or scarred from previous heart attacks.
when using thallium 201 what are cold spots indicative of?
- Ischemia if they occur during exercise
- Nonviable myocardium if they occur post-exercise
what is an angiogram?
a dye is injected into the blood vessel and x-rays are used to determine BF in the coronary arteries.
aka fluroscopy
what does ventriculography check for?
Check for valvular disease and ventricular dysfunction
Estimates are made of cardiac output, stroke volume, ejection fraction, chamber pressures, and the presence of stenosis or regurgitation
what tests can be used for ventricular size and function?
- Chest x-ray
- Multigated acquisition imaging (MUGA) provides views throughout the cardiac cycle
what tests are used to visualize metabolism of the heart?
- SPECT (Single photon emission CT) or PET (positron emission tomography) scan
- Echocardiogram
what is MUGA used for? how?
Calculate LV EF
Measures emptying of LV with time
