Unit 3 Week 9 Review

Question 1

Which is true about a CT-scan?

Answer 1

multiple x-rays give better detailed view

Question 2

What is the V/Q scan best at detecting?

Answer 2

PE

Question 3

How many posterior ribs should be showing in an x-ray to ensure a good view of the chest and lungs?

Answer 3

9-10
- Seeing 9 or more ribs ensures the inhalation has enough volume to visualize the most structures.

Question 4

T/F: MRI gives the best detail, avoids radiation and is the least expensive imaging available

Answer 4

False
- MRI gives the best detail, avoids radiation and is the MOST expensive imaging

Question 5

When viewing the x-ray using ABCDEFG, which of the following is not true?

Answer 5

F stands for frontal view

Question 6

Which is true of visualization on x-ray?

Answer 6

all of these are true
- you should assess for tracheal deviation
- great vessels should be just wider than the t-spine (therefore visible)
- fluid might collect in costophrenic angle
- assessment of bony alignment and integrity is possible

Question 7

Name the 3 problems ABGs help assess and treat

Answer 7

acid-base balance, alveolar ventilation, oxygenation

Question 8

Match the condition with the type of acid-base issue
Respiratory Acidosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
(COPD, pulmonary embolism, renal failure, vomiting)

Answer 8

Respiratory Acidosis - COPD
Respiratory Alkalosis - Pulmonary Embolism
Metabolic Acidosis - renal failure
Metabolic Alkalosis - vomiting

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?

Answer 9

Anemia and perfusion of the capillaries affect cellular oxygen levels
- 60 to 80mmHg is mild
- 40-60 mmHg is moderate hypoxemia

Question 10

Which of the following is a normal ABG?

Answer 10

pH 7.4, CO2 40, pO2 85, HCO3- 25

Question 11

When pt is on a ventilator, the FiO2 is adjusted to attain an Oxygen level goal of _____

Answer 11

60 mmHg or 90%

Question 12

Why does increasing RR help decrease paCO2?

Answer 12

With every breath we blow off some CO2, hypoventilation allows accumulation of CO2 in blood, Hyperventilation decreases CO2 in bloodstream.

Question 13

If pH and paCO2 are normal and paO2 is low, what ventilator settings are changed to increase O2?

Answer 13

FiO2 then PEEP

Question 14

What is the role of PEEP positive end expiratory pressure?

Answer 14

to provide minimum pressure so alveoli do not collapse

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding ventilator settings?

Answer 15

ACPC sets the pressure for every breath

Question 16

Which of the following are normal respiration rate and minute ventilation settings on a ventilator?

Answer 16

10-12 bpm, 4-6 L

Question 17

T/F: Spontaneous ventilator settings control volume, pressure and respiratory rate

Answer 17

False
- Spontaneous modes assist the patient’s normal breathing with the pressure, FiO2 and PEEP set but the patient determines the rate and volume of the breaths.

Question 18

What is the difference between CPAP and PEEP?

Answer 18

facemask vs vent

Question 19

What do ABGs assess?

Answer 19

all of these are true
- PaCO2
- pH
- PaO2

Question 20

name 4 settings that can be adjusted on a ventilator.

Answer 20

pressure, volume, FiO2, respiratory rate
PEEP

Question 21

T/F: A patient cannot breathe on their own, and is on a volume control ventilator. If the volume (500cc) and respiratory rate (10bpm) are set the same, SIMV-VC and ACVC basically do the same thing.

Answer 21

True
- It is only when the pt attempts to breathe more frequently than the RR that the settings differ. In both settings, the pt determines the respiratory rate (in this example above 10) with the ACVC determining the volume every breath and the SIMV-VC allowing volume to be pt determined

Question 22

Which of the following is true regarding ventilator settings?

Answer 22

Tidal volume is variable in pressure control settings
- volume control, controls volume allowing pressure to be variable while
- pressure control, sets pressure and allows volume to vary