Cardiovascular Review Flashcards
In patients with congestive heart failure, which of the following positions should be avoided to minimize the preload on a failing heart?
Supine with lower extremities elevated
A patient who is status postsurgical repair of a right hip fracture is at risk for thrombus formation and potentially pulmonary emboli. Which of the following interventions would be BEST recommended to this patient following discharge home to prevent a deep vein thrombus?
Regular ambulation throughout the day
Which of the following factors would be MOST associated with a good prognosis post-myocardial infarction?
Small infarction size with increase in scar formation
If atherosclerosis is diagnosed in the carotid arteries, which of the following arteries may also be atherosclerotic secondary to the nature of the disease process?
Peripheral arteries
Renal arteries
Coronary arteries
(All of the above)
All of the following are typical signs/symptoms in patients diagnosed with CHF except:
Bradypnea
Which of the following examination findings is MOST likely seen in the lower leg of a patient with a diagnosis of intermittent claudication?
Muscle atrophy
If a patient is diagnosed with a left lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, which of the following sign/symptoms would MOST likely be seen in this lower extremity?
Pitting edema and tenderness
A patient performing low-level exercise reports angina that is not typical of what the patient has previously experienced while doing the same level of activity. This type of angina would be classified as:
Unstable angina
Extreme caution must be utilized in treating a patient with CHF and a/an:
Ejection fraction of 10%
A 47-year-old male with history of hypertension and diabetes, presents with crushing chest pain that began 40 minutes ago. He also reports diaphoresis and radiation of pain into his left arm. Which of the following laboratory markers is MOST specific in diagnosing his condition?
Troponin
Match the type of Heart Failure with its description
systolic HF
diastolic HF
right sided HF
left sided HF
Systolic HF: smaller weaker muscle –> pumps less blood
Diastolic HF: larger thicker muscle –> pumps less blood
Right sided HF: edema backup in LE and system
Left sided HF: edema backup in lungs
Which of the following is true regarding the CPG on VTE?
Early mobility minimizes risk of VTE
Which of the following is true when a valve is incompetent?
It is the same as a regurgitant valve
In which New York Heart Association Functional Class is the patient only comfortable at rest?
Class III
Why might someone living with Heart Failure decompensate?
Developing anemia from poor nutrition
An illness like pneumonia increases demand
Taking medications inconsistently
Eating high salt diet and drinking too many fluids
Why are oxygen, lasix and nitroglycerin prescribed in the ER when a pt is in heart failure?
They all decrease the workload on the heart
Which surgical procedure provides a mechanical assist to the heart in pumping blood?
IABP (intra-aortic)
Which of the following lab results has the highest risk for CAD and atherosclerosis?
TC = total cholesterol
TC 250, LDL 170, HDL 35
Every 20mmHg increase of Systolic BP doubles the risk of CVD.
A person with a BMI over 30 most likely has other CVD risk factors.
true
Which are common signs and symptoms of cardiac ischemia in women?
Unusual fatigue or indigestion
What is the difference between a STEMI and a Non-STEMI?
A STEMI is usually from a total occlusion of an artery
Which medications are used in emergency management of an MI from coronary artery occlusion to maintain and restore blood flow? (Choose more than one answer)
Thrombolytic
Heparin
