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SC2110-Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology > Week 3- Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Week 3- Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Acromegaly

A

Excess of growth hormone in adults. Overdevelopment of bones of the hand, face, and feet

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2
Q

Addisons disease

A

Hypofunction of the adrenal gland

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3
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Endocrine gland that sits on top of kidney, consists of cortex and medulla

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4
Q

Anterior pituitary lobe

A

Area of the pituitary gland that is responsible for the secretion of growth hormones

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5
Q

Androgens

A

Male precursor hormone converted into estrogen in females and other male hormones in males

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6
Q

Adrenaline

A

Hormone produced by the adrenal gland, a powerful cardiac stimulant, epinephrine

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7
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland that prevents or suppresses urine excretion

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8
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Hormone that stimulates the growth and secretion of the adrenal cortex

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9
Q

Calcitonin

A

Hormone secreted by thyroid gland that controls calcium ion concentration in the body

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10
Q

Cretinism

A

Congenital and chronic condition due to the lack of thyroid hormone

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11
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

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12
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Condition that results when there is a drop in the amount of ADH hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary, which causes excessive loss of water and electrolytes

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13
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Condition that results when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin or is unable to produce enough insulin for the cells to use glucose

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14
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Organized groups of tissues that use materials from blood and lymph to make new compounds called hormones that are directly secreted into the bloodstream

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15
Q

Estrogen

A

Secretion of the ovary, female hormone

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16
Q

Epinephrine

A

Adrenaline, secretion of the adrenal medulla, which prepares the body for energetic action (fight or flight response)

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17
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

An adenohypophyseal hormone that stimulates follicular growth in the ovary, and stimulates production of sperm in the testis

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18
Q

Exocrine gland

A

Secretions from these glands must go through a duct to reach the body surface or organ

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19
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Abnormal protrusion of the eyes

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20
Q

Gigantism

A

Hypersecretion of the growth hormone, overgrowth of long bones

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21
Q

Ghrelin

A

Hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates appetite

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22
Q

Glucagon

A

A hormone that stimulates the liver to change glycogen into glucose

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23
Q

Goiter

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

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24
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Hormones of the adrenal cortex, namely, cortisone and cortisol

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25
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

A

Hormone responsible for growth and development, also known as somatotropin

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26
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical secretion, usually from an endocrine gland

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27
Q

Gonads

A

Sex glands (ovaries or testes)

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28
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High concentration of glucose in the blood

29
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Condition of overactivity of the thyroid gland

30
Q

Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)

A

A hormone that stimulates the growth of the Graafian follicle and the production of estrogen in females and the production of sperm in males

31
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low concentration of glucose in the blood

32
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Condition of underactivity of the thyroid gland

33
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone produced by the pancreas, necessary for glucose metabolism

34
Q

Islets of langerhans

A

Specialized cells in the pancreas that produce insulin

35
Q

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

A

Hormone produced by intermediate pituitary lobe, stimulates melanin cells in the skin

36
Q

Melatonin

A

Hormone produced by the pineal gland

37
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Hormone that stimulates ovulation and the production of progesterone in females

38
Q

Leptin

A

Hormone produced by adipose tissue that acts on the hypothalamus to suppress appetite

39
Q

Mieralocorticoids

A

Hormones of the adrenal cortex, mainly aldosterone

40
Q

Myxedema

A

Hypofunction of the thyroid gland

41
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Hormone that acts as a vasoconstrictor

42
Q

Negative feedback

A

Occurs in the hormonal system, when there is a drop in the blood level of a specific hormone, the drop triggers a chain reaction of responses to increase the amount of hormone in the blood

43
Q

Neurohormones

A

A hormone produced by the neurons in the hypothalamus that are secreted into the bloodstream

44
Q

Oxytocin

A

Hormone released during childbirth to cause strong contractions of the uterus

45
Q

Oxytocin

A

Hormone released during childbirth to cause strong contractions of the uterus

46
Q

Pancreas

A

Organ of digestion that lies behind the stomach, produces digestive juices, insulin, and glucagon

47
Q

Parathormone

A

Hormone that controls the concentration of calcium in the bloodstream

48
Q

Pineal gland

A

Located in the third ventricle of the brain, produces melatonin

49
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

Tumor of the adrenal glands that causes excessive secretion of epinephrine, which may be fatal

50
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

Four small endocrine glands embedded in the thyroid gland, they secrete parathormone

51
Q

Pituitary gland

A

A small gland located in the sphenoid bone in the cranium, its hormones affect all other glandular activity, called the master gland

52
Q

Pituitary short stature

A

A condition where growth of the long bones is abnormally decreased due to an inadequate production of growth hormone, formerly known as dwarfism

53
Q

Polyuria

A

Excessive urination

54
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst

55
Q

Polyphasic

A

Excessive hunger

56
Q

Posterior pituitary lobe

A

Lobe that stores the hormones produced by the hypothalamus

57
Q

Progesterone

A

Steroid hormone secreted by the ovaries from the corpus luteum to help maintain pregnancy

58
Q

Prolactin hormone (PR)

A

Hormone that develops breast tissue and stimulates the production of milk after childbirth

59
Q

Testosterone

A

Male sex hormone responsible for male secondary sex characteristics

60
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Hormones secreted by various tissues, their function depends on which tissue they are excreted from

61
Q

Somatotropin

A

Growth hormone

62
Q

Tetany

A

A condition in which severely decreased levels of calcium affect the normal function of nerves

63
Q

Triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Hormone that serves to regulate body systems

64
Q

Thyroxine (T4)

A

Hormone secreted by thyroid gland or prepared synthetically

65
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Hormone that stimulates the growth and secretion of the thyroid gland

66
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Exocrine gland located on anterior portion of the neck that produces thyroxine,

67
Q

Thymus

A

Endocrine gland located under the sternum

68
Q

Vasopressin

A

Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

SC2110-Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology (11 decks)

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