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SC2110-Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology > Week 1- Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Week 1- Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Acid

A

Chemical compound that ionizes to form hydrogen ions (H +) in aqueous solution

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2
Q

Acidosis

A

A disruption in the acid-base balance where the body becomes too acidic

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3
Q

Amino acids

A

Small molecular units that make up protein molecules

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4
Q

Alkali

A

A substance that, when dissolved in water, ionizes into negatively charged hydroxide (OH) ions and positively charged ions of a metal

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5
Q

Atom

A

Smallest piece of an element

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6
Q

Alkalosis

A

A disruption in the acid-base balance where the body becomes too alkaline

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7
Q

Base

A

Chemical compound yielding hydroxide (OH-) in an aqueous solution, which will react with acid to form a salt and water

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8
Q

Buffer

A

A compound that maintains a chemical balance in a living organism

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9
Q

Chemistry

A

Study of the structure of matter and the composition of substances, their properties, and their chemical reactions

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10
Q

Carbohydrates

A

An organic compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as sugar or starch

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11
Q

Chemical bonds

A

Bond formed when atoms share or combine their electrons with atoms of other elements

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12
Q

Cholesterol

A

A steroid normally synthesized in the liver and also ingested in egg yolks, animal fats, and tissues

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13
Q

Compounds

A

Elements combined in definite proportion by weight to form a substance

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14
Q

Covalent bond

A

Chemical bond in which atoms share electrons to fill their outermost shell

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15
Q

DNA

A

A nucleic acid containing the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, genetic material

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16
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Occurs when water is removed from a molecule. The molecule fuses together and a new substance is formed during the anabolic process

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17
Q

Dehydrated

A

An abnormal depletion of body fluids

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18
Q

Disaccharide

A

Double sugar formed from two monosaccharide molecules

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19
Q

Electrolytes

A

Broken down parts of a compound that help determine acid-base balance where

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20
Q

Energy

A

Ability to do work

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21
Q

Electrons

A

A subatomic particle of an atom that is arranged around the nucleus in orbital zones or electron shells, an electron has a negative (-) charge

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22
Q

Element

A

Made up of like atoms, substance that can neither be created nor destroyed

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23
Q

Enzymes

A

Organic catalysts that initiate and accelerate a chemical reaction

24
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

Fluid that bathes the cell and transports nutrients in and out of the cell

25
Q

Fats

A

Compound made up of glycerol and fatty acids

26
Q

Glycogen

A

The form of glucose that is stored in liver and muscle cells

27
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Occurs when water is added to the molecule to break down larger molecules in a catabolic reaction

28
Q

Hydroxide

A

One atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen

29
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Bond that holds water molecules together by forming a bridge between the negative oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive hydrogen atom of another molecule

30
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

Fluid within the cell

31
Q

Ion

A

An electrically charged atom

32
Q

Lipids

A

Fatty molecules

33
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of a specific element that have the same number of protons but a different number of nuetrons

34
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Work resulting in motion

35
Q

Ionic bond

A

Bond in which one atom gives up an electron to another atom

36
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has weight and occupies space

37
Q

Neutralization

A

Process in which an acid and a base combine to form a salt and water

38
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simple sugar that cannot be broken down anymore

39
Q

Molecule

A

The smallest unit of a compound that still has the properties of the compound

40
Q

Multicellular

A

Many celled

41
Q

Neutrons

A

A subatomic particle of an atom that, with a proton, makes up the nucleus of the atom, a neutron has no electric charge

42
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (DNA, RNA)

43
Q

pH scale

A

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

44
Q

Organic catalyst

A

A substance that affects the rate of speed of a chemical reaction without itself being changed

45
Q

Organic compounds

A

Compound that contains the element carbon

46
Q

Phospholipids

A

Fats that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus

47
Q

Polysaccharides

A

A complex sugar made of many bonded glucose molecules

48
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy stored in cells waiting to be released

49
Q

Protons

A

A subatomic particle of an atom with a positive (+) charge, with neutrons, it makes up the nucleus of the atom

50
Q

Proteins

A

An organic compound containing the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and most times, phosphorus and sulfur. Protein is necessary to build and repair body tissue

51
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Production of protein by the cells that are essential to life.

52
Q

Radioactive

A

Capable of emitting energy in the form of radiation

53
Q

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

A

Type of nucleic acid

54
Q

Unicellular

A

Composed of one cell

55
Q

Steroids

A

Lipids or fats that contain cholesterol

SC2110-Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology (10 decks)

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