Week 1- Chapter 3 Flashcards
Acid
Chemical compound that ionizes to form hydrogen ions (H +) in aqueous solution
Acidosis
A disruption in the acid-base balance where the body becomes too acidic
Amino acids
Small molecular units that make up protein molecules
Alkali
A substance that, when dissolved in water, ionizes into negatively charged hydroxide (OH) ions and positively charged ions of a metal
Atom
Smallest piece of an element
Alkalosis
A disruption in the acid-base balance where the body becomes too alkaline
Base
Chemical compound yielding hydroxide (OH-) in an aqueous solution, which will react with acid to form a salt and water
Buffer
A compound that maintains a chemical balance in a living organism
Chemistry
Study of the structure of matter and the composition of substances, their properties, and their chemical reactions
Carbohydrates
An organic compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as sugar or starch
Chemical bonds
Bond formed when atoms share or combine their electrons with atoms of other elements
Cholesterol
A steroid normally synthesized in the liver and also ingested in egg yolks, animal fats, and tissues
Compounds
Elements combined in definite proportion by weight to form a substance
Covalent bond
Chemical bond in which atoms share electrons to fill their outermost shell
DNA
A nucleic acid containing the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, genetic material
Dehydration synthesis
Occurs when water is removed from a molecule. The molecule fuses together and a new substance is formed during the anabolic process
Dehydrated
An abnormal depletion of body fluids
Disaccharide
Double sugar formed from two monosaccharide molecules
Electrolytes
Broken down parts of a compound that help determine acid-base balance where
Energy
Ability to do work
Electrons
A subatomic particle of an atom that is arranged around the nucleus in orbital zones or electron shells, an electron has a negative (-) charge
Element
Made up of like atoms, substance that can neither be created nor destroyed
Enzymes
Organic catalysts that initiate and accelerate a chemical reaction
Extracellular fluid
Fluid that bathes the cell and transports nutrients in and out of the cell
Fats
Compound made up of glycerol and fatty acids
Glycogen
The form of glucose that is stored in liver and muscle cells
Hydrolysis
Occurs when water is added to the molecule to break down larger molecules in a catabolic reaction
Hydroxide
One atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
Hydrogen bond
Bond that holds water molecules together by forming a bridge between the negative oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive hydrogen atom of another molecule
Intracellular fluid
Fluid within the cell
Ion
An electrically charged atom
Lipids
Fatty molecules
Isotopes
Atoms of a specific element that have the same number of protons but a different number of nuetrons
Kinetic energy
Work resulting in motion
Ionic bond
Bond in which one atom gives up an electron to another atom
Matter
Anything that has weight and occupies space
Neutralization
Process in which an acid and a base combine to form a salt and water
Monosaccharides
Simple sugar that cannot be broken down anymore
Molecule
The smallest unit of a compound that still has the properties of the compound
Multicellular
Many celled
Neutrons
A subatomic particle of an atom that, with a proton, makes up the nucleus of the atom, a neutron has no electric charge
Nucleic acids
Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (DNA, RNA)
pH scale
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
Organic catalyst
A substance that affects the rate of speed of a chemical reaction without itself being changed
Organic compounds
Compound that contains the element carbon
Phospholipids
Fats that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus
Polysaccharides
A complex sugar made of many bonded glucose molecules
Potential energy
Energy stored in cells waiting to be released
Protons
A subatomic particle of an atom with a positive (+) charge, with neutrons, it makes up the nucleus of the atom
Proteins
An organic compound containing the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and most times, phosphorus and sulfur. Protein is necessary to build and repair body tissue
Protein synthesis
Production of protein by the cells that are essential to life.
Radioactive
Capable of emitting energy in the form of radiation
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Type of nucleic acid
Unicellular
Composed of one cell
Steroids
Lipids or fats that contain cholesterol
