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SC2110-Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology > Week 2- Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Week 2- Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Chemical released when a nerve impulse is transmitted

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2
Q

All or none law

A

Law that states a muscle cell, when stimulated, contracts all the way or not at all

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3
Q

Antagonist

A

A muscle whose action opposes that action of another muscle

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4
Q

Actin

A

Thin protein in a sarcomere that binds with myosin to shorten, of a muscle fiber

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5
Q

Action potential

A

The ability to respond to a stimuli with electrical impulses

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6
Q

Belly

A

The central part of a muscle

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7
Q

Biceps

A

Muscle on front part of upper arm

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8
Q

Biomechanics

A

The study of structure, function, and motion

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9
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary muscle that makes up the walls of the heart

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10
Q

Dilator muscles

A

A muscle that opens or closes an orifice

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11
Q

Blepharospasm

A

Involuntary muscle contraction of the eyelid, causing blinking

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12
Q

Contractility

A

The capacity of a muscle to shorten in response to a stimulus

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13
Q

Dystonia

A

Characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive movements or abnormal posture

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14
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Chronic muscle pain

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15
Q

Extensibility

A

The ability to lengthen (stretch) and hence increase the distance between two parts

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16
Q

Excitability

A

Ability to respond to stimuli

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17
Q

Elasticity

A

Capable of returning to original form after being compressed or stretched

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18
Q

Force

A

The pull of the muscles on the joints to move a bone

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19
Q

Heel spur

A

A calcium deposit in the plantar fascia, near its attachment to the calcaneus bone

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20
Q

Innervated

A

Stimulated by nerves

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21
Q

Intramuscular

A

Into the muscle

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22
Q

Insertion

A

Part of a muscle that is attached to a movable part of the

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23
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of part of an organ through abnormal opening

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24
Q

Irritability

A

Ability to react to a stimulus, excitability

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25
Q

Isometric

A

Muscle tension increases, but muscle does not shorten

26
Q

Motor unit

A

A motor nerve plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates

27
Q

Muscle fatigue

A

Caused by an accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle

28
Q

Isotonic

A

Muscle contracts and shortens

29
Q

Muscle spasm

A

Sustained muscle contraction

30
Q

Muscle tone

A

Muscles always in a state of partial contractions

31
Q

Muscle strain

A

Overstretching or tearing of the muscle

32
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Muscle disease in which the muscle cells deteriorate

33
Q

Myofibrils

A

Elongated contractile threads found in striated muscle cells

34
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Disease in which there is abnormal weakness and eventual paralysis of muscles

35
Q

Myalgia

A

Muscular pain

36
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

Point between the motor nerve axon and the muscle cell membrane

37
Q

Myosin

A

Thick protein in a sarcomere that binds with actin to shorten, or contraction, of a muscle fiber

38
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot

39
Q

Physiotherapy

A

Treatment of disease and injury by physical means using light, heat, cold, water, electricity, massage, and exercise

40
Q

Origin

A

Part of the skeletal muscle that is attached to the fixed part of the bone

41
Q

Prime mover

A

Muscle that provides movement in a single direction

42
Q

Rehabilitation

A

The process of restoring function through therapeutic exercise

43
Q

Remission

A

A long-term disappearance of symptoms of a disease

44
Q

Sarcomere

A

A functional unit of striated muscle

45
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Muscle cell membrane

46
Q

Shin splints

A

Injury to the muscle and tendon in front of the shins

47
Q

Rotator cuff injury

A

An inflammation of a group of tendons that surrounds the shoulder joint

48
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

The hyaline or finely granular interfibrillar material of muscle tissue

49
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Muscle attached to a bone or bones of the skeleton that aids in body movements, also known as voluntary or striated muscle

50
Q

Strain

A

Tear in a muscle

51
Q

Sprain

A

Wrenching of a joint that produces a stretching or laceration of ligaments

52
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Nonstriated, involuntary muscle

53
Q

Sphincter muscles

A

Circular muscle, such as the anus

54
Q

Strength

A

Capacity to do work

55
Q

Synergists

A

Muscles that help steady a joint

56
Q

Torque

A

The application of force on a lever to cause rotation on an axis

57
Q

Torticollis

A

A contracted state of the neck muscles that produces an unnatural position of the head, also called wryneck

58
Q

Tennis elbow

A

Inflammation of the tendon that connects the arm muscles to the elbow

59
Q

Tetanus

A

Infectious disease, usually fatal, characterized by spasm of voluntary muscles and convulsions caused by a toxin from tetanus bacillus

60
Q

Triceps

A

Three headed muscle on the back of the upper arm

61
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Muscle found on anterior of thigh, used as an injection site for intramuscular injections

SC2110-Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology (10 decks)

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