Week 2- Chapter 8 Flashcards
Acetylcholine
Chemical released when a nerve impulse is transmitted
All or none law
Law that states a muscle cell, when stimulated, contracts all the way or not at all
Antagonist
A muscle whose action opposes that action of another muscle
Actin
Thin protein in a sarcomere that binds with myosin to shorten, of a muscle fiber
Action potential
The ability to respond to a stimuli with electrical impulses
Belly
The central part of a muscle
Biceps
Muscle on front part of upper arm
Biomechanics
The study of structure, function, and motion
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscle that makes up the walls of the heart
Dilator muscles
A muscle that opens or closes an orifice
Blepharospasm
Involuntary muscle contraction of the eyelid, causing blinking
Contractility
The capacity of a muscle to shorten in response to a stimulus
Dystonia
Characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive movements or abnormal posture
Fibromyalgia
Chronic muscle pain
Extensibility
The ability to lengthen (stretch) and hence increase the distance between two parts
Excitability
Ability to respond to stimuli
Elasticity
Capable of returning to original form after being compressed or stretched
Force
The pull of the muscles on the joints to move a bone
Heel spur
A calcium deposit in the plantar fascia, near its attachment to the calcaneus bone
Innervated
Stimulated by nerves
Intramuscular
Into the muscle
Insertion
Part of a muscle that is attached to a movable part of the
Hernia
Protrusion of part of an organ through abnormal opening
Irritability
Ability to react to a stimulus, excitability
Isometric
Muscle tension increases, but muscle does not shorten
Motor unit
A motor nerve plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates
Muscle fatigue
Caused by an accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle
Isotonic
Muscle contracts and shortens
Muscle spasm
Sustained muscle contraction
Muscle tone
Muscles always in a state of partial contractions
Muscle strain
Overstretching or tearing of the muscle
Muscular dystrophy
Muscle disease in which the muscle cells deteriorate
Myofibrils
Elongated contractile threads found in striated muscle cells
Myasthenia gravis
Disease in which there is abnormal weakness and eventual paralysis of muscles
Myalgia
Muscular pain
Neuromuscular junction
Point between the motor nerve axon and the muscle cell membrane
Myosin
Thick protein in a sarcomere that binds with actin to shorten, or contraction, of a muscle fiber
Plantar fasciitis
Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot
Physiotherapy
Treatment of disease and injury by physical means using light, heat, cold, water, electricity, massage, and exercise
Origin
Part of the skeletal muscle that is attached to the fixed part of the bone
Prime mover
Muscle that provides movement in a single direction
Rehabilitation
The process of restoring function through therapeutic exercise
Remission
A long-term disappearance of symptoms of a disease
Sarcomere
A functional unit of striated muscle
Sarcolemma
Muscle cell membrane
Shin splints
Injury to the muscle and tendon in front of the shins
Rotator cuff injury
An inflammation of a group of tendons that surrounds the shoulder joint
Sarcoplasm
The hyaline or finely granular interfibrillar material of muscle tissue
Skeletal muscles
Muscle attached to a bone or bones of the skeleton that aids in body movements, also known as voluntary or striated muscle
Strain
Tear in a muscle
Sprain
Wrenching of a joint that produces a stretching or laceration of ligaments
Smooth muscle
Nonstriated, involuntary muscle
Sphincter muscles
Circular muscle, such as the anus
Strength
Capacity to do work
Synergists
Muscles that help steady a joint
Torque
The application of force on a lever to cause rotation on an axis
Torticollis
A contracted state of the neck muscles that produces an unnatural position of the head, also called wryneck
Tennis elbow
Inflammation of the tendon that connects the arm muscles to the elbow
Tetanus
Infectious disease, usually fatal, characterized by spasm of voluntary muscles and convulsions caused by a toxin from tetanus bacillus
Triceps
Three headed muscle on the back of the upper arm
Vastus lateralis
Muscle found on anterior of thigh, used as an injection site for intramuscular injections
