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SC2110-Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology > Week 2- Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Week 2- Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from midline or axis of the body, opposite of adduction

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2
Q

Acetabulum

A

Area where the three bones of the hip unite to form a deep socket into which the head of the femur fits to form the hip joint

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3
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

Partially movable joint (Ex: symphysis pubis)

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4
Q

Adduction

A

Movement or part of the body or a limb toward the midline of body, opposite of abduction

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5
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Thin layer of cartilage over the ends of long bones

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6
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Part of skeleton consisting of pectoral and pelvic girdles and limbs

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7
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of a joint

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8
Q

Atlas

A

First cervical vertebra, articulates with the axis and occipital skull bone

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9
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Skeleton of head and trunk

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10
Q

Axis

A

Second cervical vertebra, forms a pivot for the atlas

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11
Q

Bursae

A

Closed sacs with a synovial membrane lining, found in the spaces of connective tissue between muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bones

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12
Q

Bone marrow

A

Fat storage center in the medullary cavity

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13
Q

Bone cancer

A

Bone cancer

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14
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Joint that connects a ball shaped bone with a concave bone that allows the greatest freedom of movement

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15
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa

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16
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel bone

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17
Q

Cancellous bone

A

See spongey bone

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18
Q

Carpals

A

Bones of the wrist

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19
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement of joint

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20
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

First seven bones of the spinal column

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21
Q

Clavicles

A

Collarbone

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22
Q

Closed/simple fracture

A

A fractured in which the bone is broken, but the broken ends do not pierce through the skin to form an external wound

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23
Q

Compact bone

A

Also known as hard bone, strong and light

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24
Q

Condyloid joints

A

Joint that allows for two degrees of movement

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25
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone

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26
Q

Coccyx

A

Tailbone

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27
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

A fracture that occurs when the bone is splintered or broken into many pieces that can become embedded into the surrounding tissue

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28
Q

Diarthroses

A

Movable joint (ex: knee, elbow)

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29
Q

Ethmoid

A

Bone of the cranium located between the eyes

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30
Q

Dislocation

A

Displacement of one or more bones of a joint or organ from the original position

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31
Q

Epiphysis

A

The end of a long bone

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32
Q

Extension

A

Act of increasing the angle between two bones

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33
Q

Endosteum

A

Lining of the medullary cavity in the long bone

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34
Q

Femur

A

Longest and strongest bone in the body, thigh bone

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35
Q

Fibula

A

Slender bone at outer edge of the lower leg

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36
Q

Flatfeet

A

Weakening of the leg muscles that support the arch of the foot, also called talipes

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37
Q

Flexion

A

The act of bending a limb or decreasing the angle between two bones

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38
Q

Fontanel

A

Unossified areas in the infant skull, soft spot

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39
Q

Gout

A

Increase in uric acid crystals in the bloodstream, which are deposited in joint cavities, especially the great toe

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40
Q

Frontal

A

Bone of the skull that forms the forehead

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41
Q

Fracture

A

A break in a bone

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42
Q

Gliding joints

A

Joint in which the nearly flat surfaces of the bones glide across each other (ex: vertebrae)

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43
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Simplest form of fracture where the bones are partly bent, but it never completely separates

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44
Q

Hairline fracture

A

A tiny crack in the bone that typically occurs from overuse

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45
Q

Hinge joints

A

A joint that moves in one direction or plane

46
Q

Humerus

A

The bone of the upper arm

47
Q

Hyoid

A

A U-Shaped bone found in the neck to which the tongue is attached

48
Q

Ilium

A

The broad, blade-shaped bone that forms the back and side of the hip bone

49
Q

Joints

A

Place where two bones meet

50
Q

Kyphosis

A

Hunchback, humped curvature of the spinal column

51
Q

Ischium

A

Forms the lower posterior portion of the hipbone, bears the weight of the body when sitting

52
Q

Lacrimals

A

Bones that make up the inner corner of eye orbits, contain tear ducts

53
Q

Inferior concha

A

Bones that make up the sidewalls of the nasal cavity

54
Q

Lordosis

A

Forward curvature of lumbar region of spine

55
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

Five vertebrae associated with the lower part of the back

56
Q

Maxillae

A

Bone of the upper jaw

57
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jawbone

58
Q

Manubrium

A

Forms the upper region of the sternum

59
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Center of the shaft of a long bone

60
Q

Metatarsal

A

Bone of the foot similar to the metacarpal, five metatarsals forms the arch of the foot

61
Q

Obturator foramen

A

Large opening between the pubic bone and the ischium that allows for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and tendons

62
Q

Menisci

A

The medial meniscus and the lateral meniscus of the knee

63
Q

Metacarpal

A

Bone of the wrist

64
Q

Nasal

A

Bone that forms the bridge of the nose

65
Q

Occipital

A

Bone that forms the base of the skull and contains the foramen magnum

66
Q

Ossification

A

Process of bone formation

67
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative joint disease

68
Q

Open/compound fracture

A

The most serious type of fracture where the broken bone ends pierce and protrude through the skin

69
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Cells involved in resorption of bony tissue

70
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Cells involved in formation of bony tissue

71
Q

Osteocytes

A

Bone cell

72
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Bone cancer

73
Q

Palatines

A

1) tonsils located on the side of the soft palate. 2) bones that form hard palate of mouth

74
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Loss of calcium in bone, causing brittleness, occurs mainly in females after menopause

75
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone

76
Q

Parietals

A

Two bones that form the roof and sides of the skull

77
Q

Patella

A

Kneecap

78
Q

Pivot joints

A

Joint in which an extension of one bone rotates in a second, arch-shaped bone

79
Q

Periosteum

A

Fibrous tissue covering the bone

80
Q

Pelvis

A

Any basin-shaped structure or cavity

81
Q

Phalanges

A

Bones of the fingers and toes

82
Q

Pronation

A

Turning of the palm of the hand downward

83
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Chronic inflammatory disease that affects connective tissue and joints

84
Q

Rickets

A

Disease in which bones soften due to a lack of vitamin D

85
Q

Pubis

A

Pubic bone, portion of hipbone forming front of pelvis

86
Q

Radius

A

Bone on the thumb side of the forearm

87
Q

Rotation

A

Type of movement in which a bone moves around a central axis

88
Q

Sacrum

A

Wedge-shaped bone below the lumbar vertebra at the end of the spinal column

89
Q

Saddle joints

A

Joint that allows for movement back and fourth and side to side

90
Q

Scapulae

A

Large, flat, triangular bone that forms the back of the shoulder

91
Q

Sphenoid

A

The key bone that connects all the skull bones

92
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

93
Q

Sternum

A

Flat, narrow bone in the median line in front of the chest, it is composed of three parts, manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

94
Q

Spongy bone

A

The result of hard bone when it is broken down

95
Q

Supination

A

Turning palm of hand upward

96
Q

Spiral fracture

A

A type of fracture that occurs when the torque, a rotating force, is applied only on the axis of the bone, and the body is in motion while one extremity is firmly planted

97
Q

Synarthroses

A

Immovable joints connected by fibrous connective tissue

98
Q

Synovial fluid

A

A lubricating substance produced by the synovial membrane

99
Q

Talus

A

Ankle bone that articulates with bones of the leg

100
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle bone

101
Q

Temporal

A

Bones that form side of head and house ears

102
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

The 12 bones of the spine located in the chest area

103
Q

Vomer

A

Flat, thin bone that forms the lower part of the nasal septum

104
Q

Tibia

A

Larger, inner bone of the leg below the knee, shinbone

105
Q

Whiplash injury

A

Trauma to cervical vertebrae

106
Q

Transverse fracture

A

Fracture that occurs when the bone is perpendicular to its length

107
Q

Ulna

A

Bone to inner forearm

108
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum

109
Q

Complete fracture

A

A fracture that occurs when the bone breaks into separate pieces

110
Q

Zygomatics

A

Bone that forms the prominence of the cheek

111
Q

Colles fracture

A

Broken wrist

112
Q

Impacted fracture

A

Compression fracture

SC2110-Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology (11 decks)

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