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PSY 324 > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System is divided into two main parts

A

Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

The brain and spinal cord are components of the

A

Central Nervous System

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3
Q

Nerves and Peripheral Ganglia are components of the

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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4
Q

86 billion neurons
10^14 connections

A

The brain

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5
Q

Neuraxis direction where the brain is upright it is split by top and bottom

A

Axial / Horizontal

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6
Q

Neuraxis direction where the brain is upright and is split down the middle to left and right sides

A

Saggital

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7
Q

Neuraxis direction where the brain is upright and is split down the middle by front and back

A

Coronal

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8
Q

4 anatomical directions of the brain (not by cut)

A

Dorsal / Superior
Anterior / Rostral
Ventral / Inferior
Posterior / Caudal

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9
Q

Anatomical term for outside parts of the brain

A

lateral

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10
Q

Anatomical term for inside parts of the brain

A

medial

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11
Q

The Dorsal / Superior anatomy view of the brain is the

A

topside

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12
Q

The anterior / rostral anatomy view of the brain is

A

Front

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13
Q

The Ventral / inferior anatomy view of the brain is

A

the bottom

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14
Q

spinal cord brain connecting part also has dorsal and ventral, which side is which

A

back of neck dorsal, front of neck ventral

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15
Q

Roughly 60% of brain matter is

A

White Matter

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16
Q

Roughly 40% of brain matter is

A

Grey matter

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17
Q

The matter of the brain that contains most of the neuron cells, and conducts, processes and send information to the body is

A

Grey Matter

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18
Q

The matter of the brain that is made up of bundles, and interprets information from the rest of the body is

A

White matter

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19
Q

higher-level functions
– (e.g. decision-making and
language) in the brain are known as the

A

Cortex

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20
Q

where we process
more primitive functions
– (e.g. emotion processed in
the amygdala) in the brain are known as the

A

Subcortex

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21
Q

Left and right hemispheres of the brain are connected large bundles of axons, the largest bundle of axons known as

A

Corpus callosum

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22
Q

structures Located on
the same side of the body/Neuraxis

A

Ipsilateral

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23
Q

structures Located on
opposite side of the body/neuraxis

A

Contralateral

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24
Q

split brain experiments (corpus collosum cut) were an example of

A

Contralateral function

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25
Q

main person that gave Evidence of lateralization and localization

A

Paul Broca

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26
Q

Damage to the left frontal cortex / inferior frontal gyrus which leads to word loss (cant speak nearly at all) is known as

A

Brocas Aphasia

27
Q

Damage to a part of the posterior of the brain that leads to not understanding language is known as

A

Wernickes Aphasia

28
Q

Who created the cortical homunculus

A

Wilder penderfield

29
Q

what is cortical homunculus

A

goofy figure of how bodies are represented in feeling in the brain

30
Q

structures that form the epicentre of emotion and behavioural
expression

A

Limbic System

31
Q

amygdala and hippocampus are part of the

A

Limbic System

32
Q

Bundles of subcortical nuclei that lie beneath the
lateral ventricles, lateral to thalamus
– Includes the striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen), globus
pallidus
– Important for motor movement
– Procedural learning
– Reward system

A

Basal Ganglia

33
Q

The Telencephalon is the _________

A

Forebrain

34
Q

Cerebral Cortex
Limbic System
Basal Ganglia
are all part of the

A

Telencephalon / Forebrain

35
Q

Tectum (dorsal): superior
and inferior colliculus
Tegmentum (ventral):
PGM, VTA, and substantia
nigra (DA projections)
are part of the

A

Midbrain / Mesencephalon

36
Q

Thalamus and
Hypothalamus
are part of the _____ , a Smaller portion of the forebrain / telencephalon that
surrounds the third ventricle the forebrain

A

diencephalon

37
Q

Most prominent part of the brain
Convoluted by sulci/fissures and gyri
Made up of neurons and glia (Gray Matter)
6 distinct layers/laminae

A

Celebral Cortex

38
Q

Pons
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
are part of the

A

Hindbrain

39
Q

Forebrain
Midbrain
and
Hindbrain go in ______ order

A

VERTICAL DESCNEDING ORDER (TOP TO BOTTOM NOT FRONT TO BACK)

40
Q

is a brain
region that modulates higher-order
(executive) cognitive process.
* Reasoning
* Problem solving
* Comprehension
* Impulse-control
* Creativity and perseverance

A

Prefrontal Cortex

41
Q

Controls the autonomic nervous system
and endocrine system
– Fighting, feeding, feeling, mating,
sleeping, drinking (i.e., Motivational
Behaviors

A

Hypothalamus

42
Q

Releases tropic hormones that
control secretion and production
of hormones in other glands of
the endocrine system.

A

Anterior Pituitary (Master Gland)

43
Q

Acts as a gateway to higher cortical
function
– Regulates consciousness, sleep, alertness

A

Thalamus

44
Q

Two parts of the Peripheral Nervous System

A

Somatic nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

45
Q

Controls the movement of skeletal
muscles or transmits somatosensory
information to the central nervous
system from the skin and sense organs, spinal nerves and cranial nerves

A

Somatic nervous System

46
Q

The portion of the peripheral nervous
system that controls the body’s
vegetative functions (smooth muscle,
cardiac muscle and glands)
Includes
– Sympathetic nervous system
– Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Autonomic Nervous System

47
Q

Part of PNS with activation associated with energy
expenditure and mobilization (e.g.,
increased blood pressure, heart rate,
epinephrine release)
(fight or flight)

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

48
Q

Part of PNS with processes associated with conserving
and restoring energy (e.g. salivation,
blood flow to gastrointestinal tract,
digestion)
(rest, digestion)

A

Parasympathetic Nervous
System

49
Q

Research methods that
Correlate brain anatomy with behavior
■ Record brain activity during behavior

A

Non-Invasive

50
Q

Examine the effects of brain damage
■ Examine the effects of stimulating a
brain area

A

Invasive

51
Q

The process of relating
skull anatomy to behavior

A

Phrenology

52
Q

inject dye into the blood and a pass X-
rays through the head (correlates Brain Anatomy with Behavior)

A

Computerized tomography (CT scan)

53
Q

applies a powerful magnetic field to image
the brain (correlates Brain Anatomy with
Behavior)

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

54
Q

Way to Record brain activity during behavior using magnets (mri has to be done first)

A

FMRI (functional / doing something while scan)

55
Q

recording brain activity during behavior using electrodes attached to the head

A

Electroencephalography (EEG)

56
Q

uses a radioactive drug called a tracer to show both typical and atypical metabolic activity to record brain activity during behaviour

A

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

57
Q

mapping brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the brain, using very sensitive magnetometers.

A

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

58
Q

uses near-infrared spectroscopy for the purpose of functional neuroimaging

A

Near-Infared Spectroscopy (NIRS)

59
Q

removal of a brain area

A

Ablation

60
Q

Lesion

A

damage to a brain area, often used for research

61
Q

a instrument used to precisely identify brain structures by Injecting a chemical that kills neurons or inactivates
them temporarily

A

Stereotaxic instrument

62
Q

Application of an intense
magnetic field to a portion of the scalp to
temporarily deactivate neurons below
the magnet
– Neurostimulator

A

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
(TMS)

63
Q

Passes small
electric current (1–2 mA) through the
scalp, skull, and meninges to stimulate
the brain
– Neuromodulator

A

Transcrantial Direct Current
Stimulation (tDCS)

PSY 324 (11 decks)

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