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PSY 324 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

_______ ____________ , emphasizes that the goal is to relate biology to
issues of psychology

A

Biological Psychology

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2
Q

The study of genes, nerves, neurotransmitters, brain circuitry and basic biological processes that underlie behavior is all apart of

A

Biological Psychology

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3
Q

A field of study that relates behaviour to the
physical body, especially the brain, Primary focus on the central nervous system, Main goal of field is to understand behaviour
and experience in terms of biological
substrates

A

Biological Psychology

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4
Q

Perception Occurs in Your

A

Brain

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5
Q

Renes Descarte contributed / founded the idea of

A

Dualism

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6
Q

The idea that Mind and body are distinct and non identical entities

A

Dualism

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7
Q

The idea mind and body are manifestations of a single substance / and are inseparable

A

Monism

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8
Q

In how the mind and body are connected, most CURRENT scientists pretty much strictly believe in: A) Dualism B) Monism

A

Monism

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9
Q

True / False: Our brains are different;
– Physically
– Functionally

A

True

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10
Q

True / False: There are individual differences between brains

A

True

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11
Q

Which 2 ways are our brains different / unique from one another

A

Physically, Functionally

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12
Q

Behavioural differences are rooted in ________

A

brain differences

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13
Q

The Common Sense Approach to
Behaviour is:

A

behaviour is acted through something “wanting to” or they have “ a goal”

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14
Q

A contradiction to Common Sense Approach to Behaviour is:

A

Bird flying south for the first time does not
know why (instinct)

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15
Q

4 Biological Approaches to Behavior

A
  1. Physiological
  2. Ontogenetic
  3. Evolutionary
  4. Functional
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16
Q

A Biological Approach to behavior that “relates a
behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs”

A

Physiological

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17
Q

A Biological Approach to behavior that “describes
how something develops”

A

Ontogenetic

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18
Q

A Biological Approach to behavior that “reconstructs
the evolutionary history of a structure or behavior” (THE FACT OF SOMETHING EXISTING THROUGH EVOLUTION)

A

Evolutionary

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19
Q

A Biological Approach to behavior that “describes why
a structure or behavior evolved as it did” (THE “WHY” THAT SOMETHING PERSISTS)

A

Functional

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20
Q

separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment

A

Cell Membrane

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21
Q

contains the chromosomes / DNA (of cell)

A

Nucleus

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22
Q

network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized
proteins to their location (in the cell)

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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23
Q

sites at which the cell synthesizes new protein molecules

A

Ribosomes

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24
Q

performs metabolic activities and provides energy that the
cells require

A

Mitochondrion

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25
Q

a cell that “Receives information and transmits it to other cells”

A

Neurons

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26
Q

True / False: Neurons and Body Cells are highly similar

A

True

27
Q

The most distinctive feature of neurons is

A

highly variable shape

28
Q

The 2 things that seperate neurons from a regular cell it it’s

A
  1. Dendrites
  2. Axons
29
Q

Short extensions that pass nerve impulses toward the cell body

A

Dendrites

30
Q

Part of the neuron that “receives information’

A

Dendrites

31
Q

(also called the soma) is the the spherical part of the neuron
that contains the nucleus

A

Cell body

32
Q

Part of the neuron that “Processes and integrates
information”

A

Cell body

33
Q

Long extension of the neuron
that passes nerve impulses away
from the cell body

A

Axon

34
Q

part of the neuron that “Carries information across long
distances from one part of the neuron to another”

A

Axon

35
Q

part of the neuron that “Transmits information to another neuron”

A

Axon Terminal

36
Q

Insulating Material that helps with the speed of transmission in the neuron

A

Myelin Sheath

37
Q

Short specialized regions of AXON that are
not insulated by myelin and Propagate electrical signal (across sheath)

A

Nodes of Ranvier

38
Q

Based on ____ ______ (received
by dendrite) neuron decides
whether (or not) to pass information
along

A

signal strength

39
Q

If information is strong enough it is
transmitted across the full axon. This is known as

A

Action Potential = “the neuron fires”

40
Q

what is it when the neuron fires?

A

Action Potential

41
Q

A bundle of axons (nerves in whole) travelling together, sometimes for long distances

A

Nerve

42
Q

Neurons are highly variable in shape, there are 2 main kinds

A
  1. Motor neuron
  2. Sensory neuron
43
Q

A ___________Neuron :
- Has its soma in the spinal cord
- Receives excitation from other
neurons
- Conducts impulses along its axon
to a muscle or gland

A

motor neuron

44
Q

A ___________Neuron :
Is specialized at one end to be
highly sensitive to a particular type
of stimulation (touch, light, sound,
etc.)

A

sensory neuron

45
Q

There is a third type of neuron, that is really only found in a certain condition

A

Interneurons: If a cell’s dendrites and axon are entirely contained within a single structure,

46
Q

Perception of faces that comes from an area of neurons

A

Fusiform Face Area

47
Q

True / False: Neurons are NOT typically together in groups

A

False

48
Q

Cerebellum has such a massive dendrite structure its really good at receiving input, these are known as

A

Purkinje Cells / Neurons

49
Q

A _______ axon brings information into a structure

A

afferent

50
Q

A ______ axon carries information away from a structure.

A

efferent

51
Q

The other main cellular components of the nervous system other than neurons

A

Glia Cells

52
Q

a type of cell that provides physical and chemical support to neurons and maintain their environment

A

Glia Cells

53
Q

4 Main types of Glia

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Microglia
  3. Oligodendrocytes
  4. Radial glia
54
Q

These Glia:
- Build the myelin sheath that surrounds and insulates certain vertebrate axons
- In the brain, spinal cord
- Are Schwann Cells in the periphery of the body

A

Oligodendrocytes

55
Q

These Glia:
- Guide the migration of neurons and the growth of their axons and dendrites during embryonic development

A

Radial glia

56
Q

These Glia:
- Help synchronize the activity of the axon by wrapping around the
presynaptic terminal and taking up chemicals released by the axon
– Responsible for dilating blood vessels to bring more nutrients into brain areas with heightened activity

A

Astrocytes

57
Q

These Glia:
- Remove waste material, viruses, and fungi from the brain
– Also remove dead, dying, or damaged neurons

A

Microglia

58
Q

Everything our brain does depends on the anatomy of ______ and ______

A

Neurons and Glia

59
Q

True or False: Behaviour does not follow properties of one neuron

A

True

60
Q

True or False: Behaviour emerges from communication among neurons

A

True

61
Q

A mechanism that surrounds the brain and blocks most chemicals from entering

A

Blood-Brain Barrier

62
Q

True / False: Neurons in the brain generally do
regenerate

A

False (Very rarely regenerate)

63
Q

Why is the blood brain barrier important?

A
  • Vitally important barrier to block incoming viruses,
    bacteria, or other harmful materials from
    entering
  • Also The immune system destroys damaged
    or infected cells throughout the body

PSY 324 (11 decks)

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