Week 3

Question 1

What were W H Sheldon’s 3 layers of the embryo and what are the associated traits?

Answer 1

Endomorphy: plump. Soft and round

Mesomophy: muscular. Hard and strong

Ectomophy: thin. Easily overwhelmed by stimulation

Question 2

What is a tournament species

Answer 2

A species with high sexual dimorphism where there is competition between one sex for sex selection. Ie apes, peacocks.

Question 3

What is a parabond species?

Answer 3

Low sexual dimorphism. Female looks for a partner with parental abilities.

Question 4

What are Sheldon’s three dimensions of temperament to go with Endo, Meso, Ectomorphy?

Answer 4

Viscerotonia: calmness, tolerance, sociability, love comfort

SOMATOTONIA: boldness, assertiveness, desire for adventure and activity.

CEREBROTONIA: avoidance of interaction, restraint, pain sensitivity, and some close to apprehension

Question 5

Behavioural genetics

Answer 5

The genetic study of behaviour

Question 6

DZ vs MZ twins?

Answer 6

Dizygotic twins - 2 eggs fertilised at the same time. Same genetic difference as any siblings.

Monozygotic twins - one egg split. 100% same genetic material

Question 7

What are the three temperaments that were found to be heritable through studies of young children?

Answer 7

Activity level
Sociability
Emotionality

Question 8

Twin studies are able to study heritability and environmental factors in DZ and MZ twins

Because

DZ twins experience their parents differently

Answer 8

True, False

There needs to be an assumption that DZ twins have a comparable experience of their parents or the study would be confounded by the difference in treatment

Question 9

What does the Adoption Study test?

Answer 9

Similarities with bio parents = heritable traits

Similarities with adopted parents = environmentally based

Question 10

Temperament

Answer 10

Inherited personality traits present in early childhood

Question 11

What are the more recent categories of inherited temperaments?

Answer 11

Approach

Avoidance

Effortful control

Question 12

Nonshared environmental effect

Answer 12

The environmental factors that effect personality. Ie: friendship groups, parents behaviour towards you

Question 13

If a person with high IQ seeks out learning environments which promote higher IQ, what would you call that?

Answer 13

Correlation between genetic and environmental factors

Question 14

If a behaviour/trait is low on the heritability index?

Answer 14

It is explained by environmental factors

Question 15

What is the difference between quantitative genetics and molecular genetics?

Answer 15

Quantitive G looks at twin studies and induces genetic difference from observation of behaviour

Molecular G looks are positions of genes

Question 16

What is a pattern of alleles called?

Answer 16

Genotype

Question 17

Where there is polymorphism, you have….?

Answer 17

Alleles

Question 18

An area where there is possible difference in the DNA is called

Answer 18

Polymorphic

Question 19

variable dna is called

Answer 19

allele

Question 20

Why are candidate gene studies flawed?

Answer 20

Most traits are believed to be an orchestration of many genes, looking at one may provide false positives