Week 2 Flashcards
In the Motive approach what is “press”
External stimuli that elicit motivational tendencies
The need for achievement is part of which model of personality
Motive model
What are the the 4 needs in the motive model
AAPI
Need for achievement
Need for power
Need for affiliation
Need for intimacy
What is incentive value?
The amount that a particular action will satisfy a need
Implicit motives vs explicit motives
Unconscious vs conscious
Talk about need strength
The level of internal dissatisfaction and the concomitant level of behavioural action to satisfy the need
Need > motive > behaviour
Needs: biological or psychological experiences of internal dissatisfaction that require attention
Motives: clusters of cognitions with affective overtones, organised around preferred experiences and goals.
Behaviour: action taken to address need/motive
Motive disposition
The varying degrees to which someone has dispositional need ie John has his motive disposition for achievement and so will work harder vs Peter who has low dispositional need and works less
Apperception
Interpreting a present stimulus in light of one’s motives and experience
Used in the TAT (thematic apperception test)
TAT
Thematic Apperception Test
Write stories in response to pictures - the themes in the pictures will expose underlying motivations
Is deprivation necessary for increased need?
No. McClelland 1953 found deprivation isn’t necessary to to around a motive and previous satisfaction of a need can increase motivation
What did McClelland (1985) say about the difference between needs and incentives?
Need: long-term frequencies of need-relevant actions of any type.
Incentive: choices within that domain of action
I.e: hunger is a long-term need, choosing to eat cocoyoyo with chia seeds and intagraming it is an incentive.
Describe the difference between implicit motive and self-attributed motive
Implicit motive is what the PSE tests. They are un-reportable by the participant.
Self-attributed motive (explicit motive) is what reported
What is the difference in memory activation by implicit motive and explicit motive?
Implicit motive triggers memories of specific events - i.e the way you recall an event will have a subjective filter that conveys your implicit motives - how you perceive certain actions of others etc.
Explicit motives predict recall of general memories that relate to self-concept. The moments that either confirm self-concept “when I did x and felt good” when “I didn’t do x ans felt bad”
Criterion-referenced tests and criticisms?
Criterion-referenced tests are testing against a certain criterion ie symptoms of depression, driving. You either meet the required limit of a certain category (clinical depression or good driver) or you don’t.
Criticised for having arbitrary cutoff points.
