Self-regulation Flashcards
In the self-regulation approach, the outcome and desirability of said outcome merge to form a ______ this defines an intention
Attitude
When assessing a potential outcome, what is the name for the social pressures “mum wants you to do this” “society expects this” etc
Subjective norms
What happens when a subjective norm ans attitude are in alignment?
The action will be taken
What are the 2 dimensions on the circumplex for goals
Extrinsic- intrinsic
(Self). (Community)
Self-transcendance - physical self
When does high goal setting not produce better outcomes?
When the goals are unachievable - beyond skill set
Gollwotzer and Brandstätter proposed two intersecting dimensions of goals and behaviour. What are they and what is the formula they work on (similar to the cognitive formula)
Goal intention - what
Implementation strategy - how
It creates an If = Then link to goals, behaviour and outcomes
Forming a goal intention requires thinking - pos cons, capacity etc. What is this mindset called?
Deliberative mindset
One an intention is formed, what is the mindset of the DOING
Implemental mindset
Throughout implementation of a goal, it is important to self-check to ensure your behaviour is leading to the desired outcome. What is the name for this mechanism in self-regulation model?
Negative feedback loop
What are the stages of the negative feedback loop?
Input (your behaviour and your expectations about the outcomes)
->
Comparator (are the actions taken taking you close to the outcome, is there discrepancy)
->
Behavioural adjustment
Is positive self-reinforcement good according to Bundura. Are there disagreements?
Yes, Bundura believes this positive self-reinforcement adds to the likelihood of a positive outcome.
Others feel that the outcome is the important thing and that positive self-reinforcement does not have an effect on the outcome
Gabriele Oettingen suggests another form of feedback of present states with desired end states - what is it called
Has it been found to be useful in goal attainment?
Mental contrasting
Yes, higher mental contrasting has been found to assist with focus, perseverance and goal attainment
One must negotiate goals all the time - I want to do well on my psych exam, but I have to work, feed myself, etc - what mechanism did William powers suggests help sort goals?
Feedback hierarchy
In the feedback hierarchy, which “loop” creates the action?
The lowest loop
Top level - self-concept (be capable and independent)
Medium level - be conscientious
Lowest level - study for the exam
The top layer of William Powers’ Feedback Hierarchy?
System concept (high level - broad sense of the ideal self)
The second layer to William Powers’ Feedback Hierarchy
Principles - types of behaviour allowed
William Powers’ third layer of the Feedback Hierarchy- after system control, principles… ?
Program - what behaviour fits both
Provides a script for the behaviour
Do the levels of the Powers’ Feedback Hierarchy function at the same time?
No, it is suggested that the System control - ideal self, is not always functioning, but the program level is
Vallacher and Wegner created a method for testing the hierarchical theory of behaviour. What is it called? (SiFi nazi)
Action identification- it found that people liked to think of themselves in terms of higher levels in the hierarchy but when the task was difficult, they would define the actions in line with the Program Function
Trope and Liberman suggest a temporal hierarchy- how does it work in terms of concrete (script) and abstract ideas
When something is further in the future, it is abstract “I will write this essay. I will continue my education….”
When it is due in a week you initiale a concrete script for behaviour “I will gather evidence…”
Trope and Liberman updated their model to include time, social distance, likely hood of occurrence - suggesting the “closer” things are the more concretely people think of them. What is the principle called
Psychological distance
Herb Simons 1967 suggests a self-regulation model that uses ______ as cues for how well things are going, and if you have given things enough attention
Emotion
In Herb Simons emotion -check -in model of self-regulation, will things change if there are high levels of positive emotion attributed to one facet of life?
Yes, “costing” may occur, to try to find time for other parts of life that aren’t doing as well
How does self-regulation relate to the duel-processing model in relation to self-control?
Impulse - > automatic. Simple associations. More likely to be classical or instrumental conditioning. Resting brain intention
Stated goal in conflict with impulse - complex, planed, top down
In the assessment of the self-regulation model, what did Fenigstein suggest was a mechanism that would be useful?
Private Self-Consciousness
The ability to test if one’s behaviour was in line with goals and to mediate behaviour accordingly
What two things are thought to interrupt the self-regulatory work of a functioning brain?
Deindividuation
Alcohol use
Trapnell and Campbell (1999) extended the theory of self-regulatory self-consciousness by adding two dimension. What are they?
Curiosity (growth-orientation)
Desire to prove negative feeling states (safety-seeking)
What was created to test if people thought of their behaviour in high-level or low-level terms
Behaviour Identification Form
Another facet that is important to assess in the self-regulation model are the goals - what are they - how important. Emmons asked what to measure/assess goals?
Personal Strivings
Within the hierarchical model there are two main point which could cause conflict - what are they?
Conflict between behaviours and higher-level goals
Lack of capacity/strategy to achieve goals
Higher order goals (who you want to be) are difficult to disengage from, however, conflicts can be created if you expect failure, are feeling exhausted and aren’t up to the task. What style of behaviour can this create?
Sporadic effort. Doubt. Distress. Disengagement.
What style of thinking is associated with depression, an inability to move past failures, fixed negative bias
Rumination
How is therapy suggested to work within the self-evaluation model (has relationship to duel-processing model)
There are often behaviours that are compelled unconsciously. These unconscious (automatic - 1st brain - classical/instrumental conditioning) can come into conflict with higher order (too-down, 2nd brain, social-cognitive conditioning) desires.
Therapy can take automatic/reflective responses and make them conscious.
Therapy should increase problem solving ability for the future - what is the formula for the style of thinking that should be taught?
Means-end analysis
What do you want END
Where are you
how do you get there MEANS
