Self-regulation

Question 1

In the self-regulation approach, the outcome and desirability of said outcome merge to form a ______ this defines an intention

Answer 1

Attitude

Question 2

When assessing a potential outcome, what is the name for the social pressures “mum wants you to do this” “society expects this” etc

Answer 2

Subjective norms

Question 3

What happens when a subjective norm ans attitude are in alignment?

Answer 3

The action will be taken

Question 4

What are the 2 dimensions on the circumplex for goals

Answer 4

Extrinsic- intrinsic
(Self). (Community)

Self-transcendance - physical self

Question 5

When does high goal setting not produce better outcomes?

Answer 5

When the goals are unachievable - beyond skill set

Question 6

Gollwotzer and Brandstätter proposed two intersecting dimensions of goals and behaviour. What are they and what is the formula they work on (similar to the cognitive formula)

Answer 6

Goal intention - what
Implementation strategy - how

It creates an If = Then link to goals, behaviour and outcomes

Question 7

Forming a goal intention requires thinking - pos cons, capacity etc. What is this mindset called?

Answer 7

Deliberative mindset

Question 8

One an intention is formed, what is the mindset of the DOING

Answer 8

Implemental mindset

Question 9

Throughout implementation of a goal, it is important to self-check to ensure your behaviour is leading to the desired outcome. What is the name for this mechanism in self-regulation model?

Answer 9

Negative feedback loop

Question 10

What are the stages of the negative feedback loop?

Answer 10

Input (your behaviour and your expectations about the outcomes)

->

Comparator (are the actions taken taking you close to the outcome, is there discrepancy)

->

Behavioural adjustment

Question 11

Is positive self-reinforcement good according to Bundura. Are there disagreements?

Answer 11

Yes, Bundura believes this positive self-reinforcement adds to the likelihood of a positive outcome.

Others feel that the outcome is the important thing and that positive self-reinforcement does not have an effect on the outcome

Question 12

Gabriele Oettingen suggests another form of feedback of present states with desired end states - what is it called

Has it been found to be useful in goal attainment?

Answer 12

Mental contrasting

Yes, higher mental contrasting has been found to assist with focus, perseverance and goal attainment

Question 13

One must negotiate goals all the time - I want to do well on my psych exam, but I have to work, feed myself, etc - what mechanism did William powers suggests help sort goals?

Answer 13

Feedback hierarchy

Question 14

In the feedback hierarchy, which “loop” creates the action?

Answer 14

The lowest loop

Top level - self-concept (be capable and independent)

Medium level - be conscientious

Lowest level - study for the exam

Question 15

The top layer of William Powers’ Feedback Hierarchy?

Answer 15

System concept (high level - broad sense of the ideal self)

Question 16

The second layer to William Powers’ Feedback Hierarchy

Answer 16

Principles - types of behaviour allowed

Question 17

William Powers’ third layer of the Feedback Hierarchy- after system control, principles… ?

Answer 17

Program - what behaviour fits both

Provides a script for the behaviour

Question 18

Do the levels of the Powers’ Feedback Hierarchy function at the same time?

Answer 18

No, it is suggested that the System control - ideal self, is not always functioning, but the program level is

Question 19

Vallacher and Wegner created a method for testing the hierarchical theory of behaviour. What is it called? (SiFi nazi)

Answer 19

Action identification- it found that people liked to think of themselves in terms of higher levels in the hierarchy but when the task was difficult, they would define the actions in line with the Program Function

Question 20

Trope and Liberman suggest a temporal hierarchy- how does it work in terms of concrete (script) and abstract ideas

Answer 20

When something is further in the future, it is abstract “I will write this essay. I will continue my education….”

When it is due in a week you initiale a concrete script for behaviour “I will gather evidence…”

Question 21

Trope and Liberman updated their model to include time, social distance, likely hood of occurrence - suggesting the “closer” things are the more concretely people think of them. What is the principle called

Answer 21

Psychological distance

Question 22

Herb Simons 1967 suggests a self-regulation model that uses ______ as cues for how well things are going, and if you have given things enough attention

Answer 22

Emotion

Question 23

In Herb Simons emotion -check -in model of self-regulation, will things change if there are high levels of positive emotion attributed to one facet of life?

Answer 23

Yes, “costing” may occur, to try to find time for other parts of life that aren’t doing as well

Question 24

How does self-regulation relate to the duel-processing model in relation to self-control?

Answer 24

Impulse - > automatic. Simple associations. More likely to be classical or instrumental conditioning. Resting brain intention

Stated goal in conflict with impulse - complex, planed, top down

Question 25

In the assessment of the self-regulation model, what did Fenigstein suggest was a mechanism that would be useful?

Answer 25

Private Self-Consciousness

The ability to test if one’s behaviour was in line with goals and to mediate behaviour accordingly

Question 26

What two things are thought to interrupt the self-regulatory work of a functioning brain?

Answer 26

Deindividuation

Alcohol use

Question 27

Trapnell and Campbell (1999) extended the theory of self-regulatory self-consciousness by adding two dimension. What are they?

Answer 27

Curiosity (growth-orientation)

Desire to prove negative feeling states (safety-seeking)

Question 28

What was created to test if people thought of their behaviour in high-level or low-level terms

Answer 28

Behaviour Identification Form

Question 29

Another facet that is important to assess in the self-regulation model are the goals - what are they - how important. Emmons asked what to measure/assess goals?

Answer 29

Personal Strivings

Question 30

Within the hierarchical model there are two main point which could cause conflict - what are they?

Answer 30

Conflict between behaviours and higher-level goals

Lack of capacity/strategy to achieve goals

Question 31

Higher order goals (who you want to be) are difficult to disengage from, however, conflicts can be created if you expect failure, are feeling exhausted and aren’t up to the task. What style of behaviour can this create?

Answer 31

Sporadic effort. Doubt. Distress. Disengagement.

Question 32

What style of thinking is associated with depression, an inability to move past failures, fixed negative bias

Answer 32

Rumination

Question 33

How is therapy suggested to work within the self-evaluation model (has relationship to duel-processing model)

Answer 33

There are often behaviours that are compelled unconsciously. These unconscious (automatic - 1st brain - classical/instrumental conditioning) can come into conflict with higher order (too-down, 2nd brain, social-cognitive conditioning) desires.

Therapy can take automatic/reflective responses and make them conscious.

Question 34

Therapy should increase problem solving ability for the future - what is the formula for the style of thinking that should be taught?

Answer 34

Means-end analysis

What do you want END

Where are you

how do you get there MEANS