Week 2: Autonomic Nervous System- Neurotransmitters

Question 1

Cholinergic

Answer 1

Bind with ACh

Question 2

Adrenergic

Answer 2

Bind with norepinephrine or epinephrine

Question 3

Autonomic neurons secrete

Answer 3

• ACh
• Norepinephrine
• Epinephrine

Question 4

All presynaptic ANS neurons are what kind of neuron?

Answer 4

Cholinergic

Question 5

Which postsynaptic ANS neurons are cholinergic?

Answer 5

Parasympathetic

Question 6

Which postsynaptic ANS neurons are adrenergic?

Answer 6

Sympathetic

Question 7

Kinds of cholinergic neurons/receptors

Answer 7

• Muscarinic

- Nicotinic

Question 8

Muscarinic

Answer 8

• When ACh binds, it initiates G-protein-mediated responses
• Excitatory or inhibitory
• Regulates glands, smooth muscle, HR

Question 9

Nicotinic

Answer 9

• ACh binding leads to fast induction of excitatory postsynaptic potential
• Nicotine binding = increased task performance and attention

Question 10

Most common sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter

Answer 10

Norepinephrine

Question 11

Where is norepinephrine released?

Answer 11

From adrenal medulla

Question 12

Kinds of adrenergic receptors

Answer 12

• Alpha (subtype 1 and 2)

- Beta (subtype 1 and 2)

Question 13

Where are adrenergic receptors most abundant?

Answer 13

• Peripheral smooth muscle
• Cardiac muscle
• Bronchial smooth muscle

Question 14

What adrenergic receptors are found in the heart?

Answer 14

• Beta-1

- Increases HR and contractility

Question 15

What adrenergic receptors are found in the bronchial smooth muscle?

Answer 15

• Beta-2

- Bronchial tree dilation

Question 16

What adrenergic receptors are found in the skeletal muscle arteriole walls?

Answer 16

• Alpha

- Vasocontriction

Question 17

Alpha blockers

Answer 17

• Block NE binding in blood vessels

- Leads to vasodilation –> decreased BP

Question 18

Beta-1 blockers

Answer 18

Decrease HR/contractility

Question 19

Beta-2 agonists

Answer 19

Prevent airway constriction in asthma and COPD

Question 20

Primary role of sympathetic NS

Answer 20

Maintain optimal blood supply to the organs

Question 21

How does the sympathetic NS maintain blood supply?

Answer 21

• Pupil dilation
• Bronchodilation
• Cardiac acceleration
• Digestion inhibited
• Piloerection
• Glucose released
• Systemic vasoconstriction

Question 22

By-product of epinephrine in the body

Answer 22

• Increased metabolic rate –> increased heat

- Sweating and cutaneous blood flow

Question 23

Primary function of parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 23

Energy conservation and storage

Question 24

Nerve for pupillary constriction

Answer 24

CN III

Question 25

Nerve for bronchoconstriction

Answer 25

CN X

Question 26

Nerve for decreased HR

Answer 26

CN X

Question 27

Nerve for salivation

Answer 27

CN VII and IX

Question 28

Nerve for lacrimation

Answer 28

CN VII

Question 29

Sacral efferents

Answer 29

• Bowel and bladder emptying

- Penile/clitoral erection