Week 1: Structural Overview of the Central Nervous System Flashcards
Parts of the central nervous system
- Cerebrum
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
Cerebrum
- Most rostral
- Advanced functioning
- AKA “forebrain”
Parts of cerebrum
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon
Telencephalon
- Cerebral cortex
- Subcortical white matter
- Basal ganglia
Diencephalon
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
Brainstem functions
- Receive sensory input
- Send out motor commands
- Integration
Structures of the brainstem
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
-
Pons
-
Medulla oblongata
Controls respiration and blood pressure
Cerebellum functions
- Regulate eye and limb movements
- Coordination
Columns of spinal cord
- Dorsal
- Ventral
- Lateral
Dorsal column functions
Ascending nerve tracts
Ventral column functions
Descending nerve tracts
Lateral column functions
Mostly ascending nerve tracts
What do the ventricles hold
Cerebrospinal fluid
What ventricles does the brain hold?
- Left and right lateral ventricles
- 3rd ventricle
- 4th ventricle
What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles?
Cerebral aqueduct
What can result from fluid blockage in the cerebral aqueduct?
Hydrocephaly
Components of the lateral ventricles
- Frontal horn
- Occipital horn
- Temporal horn
- Atrium
What connects the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle?
Interventricular foramen (of Monro)
How does CSF leave the ventricles and enter the subarachnoid space?
- Lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka)
- Forament of Magendie
Decussation
Nerves crossing over to the other side
Which side of the body does the cerebrum control?
Contralateral
Which side of the body does the cerebellum control?
Ipsilateral
Layers of the meninges
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
Nerves
bundles of axons in PNS
Ganglia
bundles of neuron cell bodies in PNS
Tract
collections of axons in the CNS
Nuclei
Grouping of cell bodies in the CNS
Synapse
Junction of a nerve cell and another cell
