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Reproduction & Sexual Health > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

dysuria

A

pain or discomfort on urinating

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2
Q

urethritis causes

A

Chlamydia
Gonorrhoea
Non-specific urethritis

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3
Q

investigating urethritis

A

don’t let them pee first

clinical exam

Urethral swab for Gram stain and microscopy

Urethral swab for gonorrhoea culture and sensitivities

First void urine, Throat and rectal swabs for chlamydia and gonorrhoea NAAT

Blood for syphilis and HIV

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4
Q

gonococcal urethritis on mircroscope

A

gram negative intracellular diplococci

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5
Q

gonorrhoea discharge colour

A

yellow/green

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6
Q

Gonococcal Urethritis incubation period

A

2-5 days

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7
Q

Non gonococcal urethritis incubation period

A

7-21 days

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8
Q

what is the typical age of someone with gonorrhoea

A

<25

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9
Q

first line gonorrhoea treatment

A

Ceftriaxone 1G IM

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10
Q

second line gonorrhoea treatment

A

Cefixime 400 mg oral plus Azithromycin 2G

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11
Q

is partner notification needed in gonorrhoea?

A

yes

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12
Q

what is tysonitis a complication of?

A

gonorrhoea

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13
Q

most common non-specific urethritis cause

A

chlamydia

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14
Q

who is the risk of PID highest in?

A

women aged under 25 not using barrier contraception and with a history of a new sexual partner

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15
Q

chlamydia symptoms

A

urethral discharge (milky)
irregular bleeding
abdominal pain
dysuria

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16
Q

chlamydia signs

A

Urethritis
Cervicitis
Epididymo-orchitis
Proctitis (LGV)

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17
Q

complications of chlamydia

A

PID
reactive arthritis
ectopic pregnancy
conjunctivitis
Fitz Hugh-Curtis

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18
Q

chlamydia treatment

A

Doxycycline 100mg BD x 1 week

PID – Ceftriaxone 1G IM, Doxycycline 100mg BD x 2 weeks and metronidazole 400 mg BD x 2 weeks

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19
Q

what is mycoplasma genitalium associated with?

A

Non Gonococcal Urethritis (15-25%) and PID

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20
Q

non STI most common cause of infective vaginal discharge

A

bacterial vaginosis

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21
Q

is bacterial vaginosis sexually transmitted

A

no

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22
Q

bacterial vaginosis treatment

A

Reassure

Metronidazole 400mg bd 5/7

Worsening/recurring advice

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23
Q

candidiasis treatment

A

Reassure

Clotrimazole 500mg pessary OR Fluconazole 150mg stat

Clotrimazole 1% cream for external symptoms

Worsening/recurring advice

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24
Q

bacterial vaginosis associations

A

Cunnilingus
Recent change in sexual partner
Concurrent STI
Smoking
Intrauterine device

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25
Q

in bacterial vaginosis, is the pH increased or decreased?

A

increased

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26
Q

bacterial vaginosis clinical features

A

Can be asymptomatic 50%
Fishy smelling discharge
NO irritation /discomfort/itch

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27
Q

bacterial vaginosis complications

A

Possible adverse outcomes in pregnancy
Post TOP endometritis and PID
High rate of recurrence (30-50% within 3 months)

28
Q

risk factors for candidiasis

A

Diabetes mellitus
SGLT2i (Type 2 DM)
Recent antibiotic use
Immunosuppression

29
Q

is candidiasis sexually transmitted?

A

no

30
Q

what type of infection is candida

A

fungal

31
Q

candidiasis management

A

Genital skin care advice (soap substitutes)

Azole anti-fungal (cure rate >80%)

+/- hydrocortisone

Manage risk factors

Consider HIV test if recurrent

Suppressive therapy if recurrent

32
Q

trichomonas treatment

A

metronidazole 400mg BD x5-7/7

33
Q

is trichomonas sexually transmitted

A

yes

34
Q

sexually transmitted causes of genital ulceration

A

herpes (types 1 and 2)
syphilis
primary HIV infection
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Mpox

35
Q

not sexually transmitted causes of genital ulceration

A

Varicella zoster
Fixed drug eruption
Crohns
Dermatosis
Bechet’s disease
Trauma
Lipschutz ulcers
Idiopathic

36
Q

herpes transmission

A

close contact of oral or genital with an individual who is shedding virus

37
Q

primary herpes incubation period

A

3-9 days

38
Q

primary herpes symptoms

A

pain
dysuria
discharge
painful lymphadenopathy
systemic symptoms
rectal symptoms

39
Q

primary herpes signs

A

erythema
vesicles/ulcers (scab)
lymphadenopathy
cervicitis

40
Q

primary herpes complications

A

aseptic meningitis, dissemination, sacral neuropathy, secondary bacterial infection

41
Q

recurrent herpes symptoms

A

Prodrome (tingling, itching, burning), localised vesicles/ulcers, heal with scab, lasts 5-10 days

42
Q

how long do recurrent herpes symptoms last

A

5-10 days

43
Q

primary herpes treatment

A

aciclovir

44
Q

are recurrent episodes worse or better than the primary episode of herpes

A

better

45
Q

ways to reduce risk of herpes transmission

A

disclosure
condom
suppressive antivirals

46
Q

most common cause of genital ulceration

A

herpes

47
Q

chancre

A

lesion of primary syphilis

48
Q

is a chancre usually painful or painless

A

painless

49
Q

primary syphilis incubation

A

10-90 days (usually 14-21)

50
Q

secondary syphilis incubation

A

<2 years (usually 3-6 weeks)

51
Q

secondary syphilis rash typical sites

A

palms, soles
pictures of back/trunk/forearms

52
Q

secondary syphilis more serious stuff!

A

Meningitis
Hepatitis
Iritis
Uveitis
Glomerulonephritis
Periostitis
Condylomata lata
Pregnancy complications

53
Q

treatment for all stages of syphilis

A

benzathene penicillin IM

54
Q

genital lumps that are sexually transmitted or infective

A

Genital warts (HPV)
Molluscum contagiosum
Monkeypox
Scabies

55
Q

genital lumps not sexually transmitted

A

Physiological
Folliculitis
Hydradenitis suppurativa
Seborrhoeic keratoses
Cancers
Bartholin’s abscess
Skin tags
Lichen planus
Pyoderma granuloma

56
Q

genital warts treatment

A

Cryotherapy

Topical podophylotoxin
Solution (0.5%)
Cream (0.15%)

Imiquimod

Cataphen

Surgical
-Electrocautery
-Curette
-Debulking

57
Q

is HPV a lifelong condition

A

no

58
Q

Fordyce spots - are they physiological

A

yes

59
Q

is chlamydia a bacteria or a virus

A

bacteria

60
Q

is gonorrhoea a bacteria or a virus

A

bacteria

61
Q

what is the main symptom of lichen sclerosis

A

itch

62
Q

when are the two peak ages of onset of lichen sclerosis?

A

prepubertal girls and postmenopausal women

63
Q

lichen sclerosis on examination

A

white papules and plaques
ecchymosis, erosions and fissures
architectural change
extragenital skin involvement (10% of women with vulval disease

64
Q

can vaginal oestrogen be used with a history of breast cancer

A

yes, no risk because it isn’t systemic

65
Q

genitourinary syndrome of the menopause symptoms

A

Vaginal dryness
Vaginal burning
Vaginal discharge
Genital itching
Burning with urination
Urgency with urination
Frequent urination
Recurrent urinary tract infections
Urinary incontinence
Light bleeding after intercourse
Discomfort with intercourse
Decreased vaginal lubrication during sexual activity
Shortening and tightening of the vaginal canal

66
Q

Vulvodynia

A

persistent, unexplained pain in the vulva.
diagnosis of exclusion

67
Q

vaginismus

A

involuntary muscle spasm

the body’s automatic reaction to the fear of some or all types of vaginal penetration. Whenever penetration is attempted, your vaginal muscles tighten up on their own

Reproduction & Sexual Health (36 decks)

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