Antenatal care and screening Flashcards
how do we tell the gestation from ultrasound up?
crown-rump length (up to 14 weeks)
after 14 weeks head circumference is used but less accurate
how many ultrasound scans are done in pregnancy
booking scan around 12 weeks
anomaly scan around 20 weeks
what is placenta praevia
when the placenta is low lying in the uterusandcovers all or part of the cervix.
how is placenta praevia identified
Its site is identified at the anomaly scan
what trisomy screening is offered in pregnancy?
Down’s syndrome T21
Edward’s Syndrome T18
Patau’s Syndrome T13
trisomy risk assessment in first trimester
Measure of skin thickness behind fetal neck using ultrasound (Nuchal thickness; NT)
normal is <3.5mm
how does Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) work?
It detects fetal DNA fragments in a sample of blood taken from the mother
diagnostic tests for trisomy in pregnancy
- amniocentesis
- chorionic villus sampling
which is safer, amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling
amniocentesis
major haemoglobin disorders pregnancy
- sickle cell disease
- thalassemias
what is the majority of maternal anaemia due to?
iron deficiency
when is haem screen in pregnancy done?
booking and 28 weeks
who is offered anti D?
rhesus negative mums
risk factors for gestational diabetes
- BMI above 30kg/m2
- previous macrosomic baby weighing 4.5kg or above
- previous gestational diabetes
- family history of diabetes (first‑degree relative with diabetes)
- minority ethnic family origin with a high prevalence of diabetes
risk factors for pre eclampsia
- hypertensive disease during a previous pregnancy
- chronic kidney disease
- autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosis or antiphospholipid syndrome
- type 1 or type 2 diabetes
chronic hypertension.
