HIV Flashcards
what is HIV
RNA retrovirus
how quickly does HIV replicate
fast - new generation every 6-12 hours
what are the target sites for HIV
CD4+ receptors
what effect does HIV infection have on the immune response
Reduced circulating CD4+ cells
Reduced proliferation of CD4+ cells
Reduction CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cell activation
-Dysregulated expression of cytokines
Reduction in antibody class switching
-Reduced affinity of antibodies produced
Chronic Immune Activation (microbial translocation)
what are normal CD4+ levels
500-1600 cells/mm3
how long does HIV take from exposure to establish itself as an infection
up to 72h
what percentage of patients with primary HIV infection present with symptoms?
80%
primary HIV infection symptoms
Fever
Rash (maculopapular)
Myalgia
Pharyngitis
Headache/aseptic meningitis
when is average symptom onset in primary HIV infection
2-4 weeks after infection (up to 3mths)
what does AIDS stand for
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
opportunistic infections definition
an infection caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce disease in a healthy individual
pneumocystis pneumonia treatment
high dose co-trimoxazole (+/- steroid)
cerebral toxoplasmosis CD4 threshold
<150
cytomegalovirus CD4 threshold
<50
ophthalmic screening for patients with CD4 under ___?
50
