Breast Anatomy/Histology

Question 1

breast extends vertically from ___ rib to ___ rib

Answer 1

2nd to 6th rib

Question 2

level of nipple in female

Answer 2

4th intercostal space

Question 3

nipple is pierced by 15-20 ________ ducts

Answer 3

lactiferous

Question 4

what type of muscle does the nipple contain

Answer 4

smooth muscle

Question 5

outer margin of the areola contains a number of modified _______ glands

Answer 5

sebaceous

Question 6

what are enlarged sebaceous glands during pregnancy called

Answer 6

tubercles of montgomery

Question 7

what are the 3 components of the mammary gland

Answer 7

1. glandular tissue
2. fibrous tissue
3. interlobular fatty tissue

Question 8

what are the suspensory ligaments of cooper

Answer 8

connective tissue in the breast that help maintain structural integrity.

Question 9

where are the suspensory ligaments of cooper more prominent in the breast

Answer 9

upper part of the breast

Question 10

how many pyramidal lobes make up the glandular tissue

Answer 10

15-20

Question 11

each lobe is drained by separate __________ ________

Answer 11

lactiferous duct

Question 12

each duct dilates to form lactiferous ____

Answer 12

sinus

Question 13

the area of the breast drained by one terminal duct is known as a ________

Answer 13

lobule

Question 14

what is the basic functional secretory unit of the breast

Answer 14

the Terminal Duct Lobular Unit (TDLU)

Question 15

dense connective tissue

Answer 15

collagen fibres compact

Question 16

loose connective tissue

Answer 16

collagen fibres quite separated, with spaces

Question 17

where are dense and loose connective tissue found

Answer 17

dense - surrounding the lobule

loose - surrounding the acini within the lobule

Question 18

within the lobule the secretory epithelial cells line the _____

Answer 18

acini

Question 19

the secretory cells of the acini are surrounded by ____________ cells

Answer 19

myoepithelial

Question 20

what are myoepithelial cells

Answer 20

contractile epithelial cells

stellate-shaped and also known as basket cells.

Question 21

in the nipple, how many lobes of the breast does each lactiferous duct serve

Answer 21

one

Question 22

changes in the breast in menstrual cycle

Answer 22

During the luteal phase:
- the epithelial cells increase in height
- the lumina of the ducts becomes enlarged
- small amounts of secretions appear in the ducts.

Question 23

changes in the breast in pregnancy - first trimester

Answer 23

elongation and branching of the smaller ducts, combined with proliferation of the epithelial cells of the glands and the myoepithelial cells.

Question 24

changes in the breast in pregnancy - second trimester

Answer 24

glandular tissue continues to develop with differentiation of secretory alveoli. Also, plasma cells and lymphocytes infiltrate the nearby connective tissue.

Question 25

changes in the breast in pregnancy - third trimester

Answer 25

secretory alveoli continue to mature, with development of extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 26

changes in the breast in pregnancy

Answer 26

increase in acini, decrease in adipose and connective tissue

Question 27

what percentage of human milk is water

Answer 27

88%

Question 28

Human milk: Lipid droplets are secreted surrounded by membrane and carrying a small amount of cytoplasm with it. This form of secretion is known as _________ secretion.

Answer 28

apocrine

Question 29

Human milk: The proteins in milk are made in the rER, packaged in the Golgi apparatus and secreted via vesicles (v) which merge with the apical membrane to release only their contents into the duct system. This is ________ secretion (also termed exocytosis).

Answer 29

merocrine

Question 30

changes in breast after menopause

Answer 30

the secretory cells of the TDLU’s degenerate leaving only ducts. In the connective tissue, there are fewer fibroblasts and reduced collagen and elastic fibres.

Question 31

blood supply to breast

Answer 31

lateral mammary branches from lateral thoracic artery medial mammary branches from Internal Thoracic artery

Question 32

venous drainage of breast

Answer 32

Venous drainage by Medial and Lateral Mammary veins

Question 33

innervation of the breast

Answer 33

Anterior and lateral branches of the fourth to sixth intercostal nerves, which carry sensory and sympathetic efferent fibres.

Question 34

nipple innervation

Answer 34

anterior branch of the lateral cutaneous branch of T4