Contraception Flashcards
What is the main method of most hormonal contraception methods?
prevention of ovulation
what does emergency hormonal contraception do in terms of ovulation?
temporarily delays ovulation
condom mechanism of action
prevention of fertilisation - barrier contraception
main mechanism of action of the LNG-IUS
prevention of fertilisation - thickening of the cervical mucus, which blocks sperm access to the upper genital tract
what does LNG-IUD stand for?
levonorgestrel intrauterine device (hormone “coil”)
what does POP stand for?
progestogen-only pill (“mini pill”)
what does SDI stand for?
subdermal contraceptive implant (Nexplanon®) (“the rod”)
what does COC stand for?
combined oral contraceptive pill (“the pill”)
what does CTP stand for?
combined transdermal patch (Evra®)
what does CVR stand for?
combined vaginal ring (NuvaRing®)
what does Cu- IUD stand for?
copper intrauterine device (copper “coil”)
which contraceptive methods suppress ovulation?
- combined hormonal contraception (CHC)
- depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)
- subdermal contraceptive implant (SDI) - “the rod”
- lactational amenorrhoea method (LAM)
- modern POP (progesterone only pill)
- (LNG-IUD)
which contraceptive methods thicken cervical mucous?
- LNG-IUD
- DMPA
- POP
- SDI (the rod)
which contraceptive methods work by “tubal” occlusion?
- tubal ligation
- vasectomy
which contraceptive methods work by direct toxic effect?
- Cu-IUD
- spermicides
which contraceptive methods work by mechanical barrier?
External +
internal
condoms,
diaphragms,
cervical caps
which contraceptive methods work by endometrial changes?
- Cu- and LNGIUD
- SDI (the rod)
- DMPA
- POP
- CHC (combined hormonal contraceptive)
what does LARC stand for?
long acting reversible contraception
how long after sex can copper coil be used as emergency contraception?
Up to 5 days after sex or 5 days after the earliest estimated day of ovulation
what is the most effective contraceptive method?
subdermal contraceptive implant (SDI) - rod
what is the main side effect of the SDI (rod)?
prolonged PV bleeding
what is the UK MEC?
UK Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use
what treatments are included in “combined hormonal contraception”?
- combined pill
- combined patch
- combined ring
risks of combined hormonal contraception
- venous thromboembolism
- arterial disease - MI, stroke
- cancer risks
which contraception is contraindicated in migraines WITH aura (a change occurring before the migraine)
combined hormonal
what examinations are done before combined hormonal contraception?
BP
BMI
Check smear test if relevant
check UKMEC
what cancers do you get increased risk and which do you get reduction in risk on combined hormonal contraception?
breast and cervical - increased risk
ovarian and endometrial - reduced risk
why can combined hormonal therapy reduce functional ovarian cysts?
because you’re not ovulating every month and stimulating the follicular development
side effects of combined hormonal contraception
nausea
skin changes - spots better or worse
unscheduled bleeding
breast tenderness
low mood
what’s the main mechanism of action of POP?
inhibits ovulation
are POP contraindicated in breast cancer?
yes
what do depo provera and sayana press do?
Suppress FSH and stop ovulation
Lower oestradiol levels
depo provera and sayana side effects
weight gain
nausea
spots
bleeding
headaches
what are diaphragms used alongside?
spermicide
what emergency contraceptives are available?
- levonorgestrel (Levonelle)
- Ulipristal acetate (Ella one)
- Intrauterine device
what type of hormone is levonorgestrel?
progesterone
how does levonorgestrel work as emergency contraception
delays ovulation
how does ulipristal acetate (Ella one) work as emergency contraception?
delays ovulation by postponing the LH surge
what is the most effective emergency contraceptive?
intrauterine device
