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Reproduction & Sexual Health > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main method of most hormonal contraception methods?

A

prevention of ovulation

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2
Q

what does emergency hormonal contraception do in terms of ovulation?

A

temporarily delays ovulation

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3
Q

condom mechanism of action

A

prevention of fertilisation - barrier contraception

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3
Q

main mechanism of action of the LNG-IUS

A

prevention of fertilisation - thickening of the cervical mucus, which blocks sperm access to the upper genital tract

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4
Q

what does LNG-IUD stand for?

A

levonorgestrel intrauterine device (hormone “coil”)

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4
Q

what does POP stand for?

A

progestogen-only pill (“mini pill”)

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5
Q

what does SDI stand for?

A

subdermal contraceptive implant (Nexplanon®) (“the rod”)

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6
Q

what does COC stand for?

A

combined oral contraceptive pill (“the pill”)

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7
Q

what does CTP stand for?

A

combined transdermal patch (Evra®)

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8
Q

what does CVR stand for?

A

combined vaginal ring (NuvaRing®)

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9
Q

what does Cu- IUD stand for?

A

copper intrauterine device (copper “coil”)

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10
Q

which contraceptive methods suppress ovulation?

A
  • combined hormonal contraception (CHC)
  • depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)
  • subdermal contraceptive implant (SDI) - “the rod”
  • lactational amenorrhoea method (LAM)
  • modern POP (progesterone only pill)
  • (LNG-IUD)
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11
Q

which contraceptive methods thicken cervical mucous?

A
  • LNG-IUD
  • DMPA
  • POP
  • SDI (the rod)
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12
Q

which contraceptive methods work by “tubal” occlusion?

A
  • tubal ligation
  • vasectomy
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13
Q

which contraceptive methods work by direct toxic effect?

A
  • Cu-IUD
  • spermicides
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14
Q

which contraceptive methods work by mechanical barrier?

A

External +
internal
condoms,
diaphragms,
cervical caps

15
Q

which contraceptive methods work by endometrial changes?

A
  • Cu- and LNGIUD
  • SDI (the rod)
  • DMPA
  • POP
  • CHC (combined hormonal contraceptive)
16
Q

what does LARC stand for?

A

long acting reversible contraception

17
Q

how long after sex can copper coil be used as emergency contraception?

A

Up to 5 days after sex or 5 days after the earliest estimated day of ovulation

18
Q

what is the most effective contraceptive method?

A

subdermal contraceptive implant (SDI) - rod

19
Q

what is the main side effect of the SDI (rod)?

A

prolonged PV bleeding

20
Q

what is the UK MEC?

A

UK Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use

21
Q

what treatments are included in “combined hormonal contraception”?

A
  • combined pill
  • combined patch
  • combined ring
22
Q

risks of combined hormonal contraception

A
  • venous thromboembolism
  • arterial disease - MI, stroke
  • cancer risks
23
Q

which contraception is contraindicated in migraines WITH aura (a change occurring before the migraine)

A

combined hormonal

24
Q

what examinations are done before combined hormonal contraception?

A

BP
BMI
Check smear test if relevant
check UKMEC

25
Q

what cancers do you get increased risk and which do you get reduction in risk on combined hormonal contraception?

A

breast and cervical - increased risk

ovarian and endometrial - reduced risk

26
Q

why can combined hormonal therapy reduce functional ovarian cysts?

A

because you’re not ovulating every month and stimulating the follicular development

27
Q

side effects of combined hormonal contraception

A

nausea
skin changes - spots better or worse
unscheduled bleeding
breast tenderness
low mood

28
Q

what’s the main mechanism of action of POP?

A

inhibits ovulation

29
Q

are POP contraindicated in breast cancer?

A

yes

30
Q

what do depo provera and sayana press do?

A

Suppress FSH and stop ovulation
Lower oestradiol levels

31
Q

depo provera and sayana side effects

A

weight gain
nausea
spots
bleeding
headaches

32
Q

what are diaphragms used alongside?

A

spermicide

33
Q

what emergency contraceptives are available?

A
  • levonorgestrel (Levonelle)
  • Ulipristal acetate (Ella one)
  • Intrauterine device
34
Q

what type of hormone is levonorgestrel?

A

progesterone

35
Q

how does levonorgestrel work as emergency contraception

A

delays ovulation

36
Q

how does ulipristal acetate (Ella one) work as emergency contraception?

A

delays ovulation by postponing the LH surge

37
Q

what is the most effective emergency contraceptive?

A

intrauterine device

Reproduction & Sexual Health (36 decks)

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