WEEK 16 - 17

Question 1

latest estimated total number of species on Earth

Answer 1

8, 700, 000

Question 2

occur when individuals remain but odds of sustainable reproduction are low

Answer 2

functional extinction

Question 3

study fossils to learn about past geologic events, climates, and evolution

Answer 3

paleontologist

Question 4

organisms become dried out

Answer 4

mummification

Question 5

hardened tree sap

Answer 5

amber

Question 6

pools of black gold at the Earth’s surface usually covered by water

Answer 6

tar beds

Question 7

low temperatures of frozen soil and ice protect and preserve organisms

Answer 7

freezing

Question 8

mineral-rich groundwater removes and replaces the original mineral with a harder mineral

Answer 8

petrification

Question 9

trace fossils such as tracks, footprints, borings, and burrows

Answer 9

trace of organisms

Question 10

leaves, stems, shelled creatures, flowers, and fish become stuck in soft clay and leave an imprint which shows the surface features of an organism

Answer 10

imprints

Question 11

retains the shape and exterior markings of the organisms but tells us zero about the insides

Answer 11

molds

Question 12

awhen san or mud gets inside a mold and hardens

Answer 12

cast

Question 13

origin of new taxonomic groups

Answer 13

macroevolution

Question 14

a species is a populayion or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed with one another and produce viable offspring

Answer 14

biological species concept

Question 15

process by which a new species originates

Answer 15

speciation

Question 16

accumulation of heritable traits in a population, that transforms into a new species

Answer 16

anagenesis

Question 17

branching evolution, in which a new species arises as a branch of from the evolutionary tree

Answer 17

cladogenesis

Question 18

prevent mating or egg fertilization if members of different species try to mate

Answer 18

prezygotic barrier

Question 19

two species live in the same area but occupy different habitats

Answer 19

habitat isolation

Question 20

signals that attract males are often unique to a species

Answer 20

behavioral isolation

Question 21

two species breed at different times of the day or during different seasons

Answer 21

temporal isolation

Question 22

closely related species attempt to mate but are anatomically incompatibles

Answer 22

mechanical isolation

Question 23

gametes must recognize each other

Answer 23

gametic isolation

Question 24

abort development of hybrid at some embryonic stage

Answer 24

reduced hybrid viability

Question 25

meiosis doesn’t produce fertile gametes in vigorous hybrids

Answer 25

reduced hybrid fertility

Question 26

first generation hybrids are fertile, but they cannot produce fertile offspring in the next generation

Answer 26

hybrid breakdown

Question 27

species are defined by their use of environmental resources

Answer 27

ecological species concept

Question 28

factors that are most important for the maintenance of individuals as a species vary

Answer 28

pluralistic species concept

Question 29

species are characterized according to a unique set of structural features

Answer 29

morphological species concept

Question 30

recognizes species are sets of organisms with unique genetic histories

Answer 30

genealogical species concept

Question 31

suggests that change is gradual with the accumulation of unique morphological adaptation

Answer 31

gradualism model

Question 32

suggests that rapid change occurs, with a new species “erupting” from the ancestral lineage and then staying the same hereafter

Answer 32

punctuated equilibrium model