MOLECULAR TAXONOMY

Question 1

classification of organisms on the basis of the distribution and composition of chemical substance in them

Answer 1

molecular taxonomy

Question 2

the study of evolutionary relationships among biological entities by using a combination of molecular data and statistical techniques

Answer 2

molecular phylogenetics

Question 3

can be characterized as type I and type II markers

Answer 3

molecular markers

Question 4

associated with genes of known function

Answer 4

type I

Question 5

associated with genes of unknown function

Answer 5

type II

Question 6

are type I markers as the proteins they encode are associated with some functions

Answer 6

Allozyme

Question 7

is non-nuclear DNA in the cell having located within organelles in the cytoplasm called mitochondria

Answer 7

Mitochondrial DNA markers

Question 8

is a simple DNA sequence which is repeated several times across various points in the DNA of an organism

Answer 8

microsatellites

Question 9

arise due to single nucleotide substitutions or nucleotides insertions/deletion

Answer 9

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

Question 10

consists of small glass microscope slides, silicon chip or nylon membranes with many immobilized DNA fragments arranged in a standard pattern

Answer 10

DNA microarrays

Question 11

are used when we target a segment of DNA of unknown function

Answer 11

Arbitrary nuclear DNA markers

Question 12

two main classes of repetitive and highly polymorphic DNA

Answer 12

minisatellite DNA
microsatellite DNA

Question 13

single pass sequences which were generated from random sequencing of cDNA clones

Answer 13

Expressed sequence tags

Question 14

PCR amplification and sequencing of a genetic marker

Answer 14

DNA barcoding

Question 15

targeted assay giving a presence or absence result for a particular genus or species

Answer 15

specific PCR

Question 16

employs generic PCR primers but yields amplicons that differ in length

Answer 16

size differential PCR

Question 17

involves discrimination of species based on restriction profile of amplicons

Answer 17

PCR-RFLP

Question 18

combines multiple primer sets with different specificities in a single assay

Answer 18

multiplex PCR

Question 19

uses random primers to generate multiple PCR products resulting in a fingerprint for a particular species

Answer 19

RAPD

Question 20

involves ligation of adaptors to digested DNA followed by PCR amplification using primers that are partially adaptor and gene specific

Answer 20

AFLP

Question 21

involves PCR amplification of multiple reiterated repeat-containing loci that are hypervariable due to slipped-strand mispairing mutations

Answer 21

microsatellite analysis

Question 22

short regions of DNA are PCR amplified and products are detected either with SYBR green

Answer 22

Quantitative PCR

Question 23

employs 3 sets of specific primers used for amplification under isothermal conditions

Answer 23

LAMP