LIFE HISTORIES

Question 1

species lifetime pattern of
growth, development and reproduction.

Answer 1

life history

Question 2

Birds would increase fitness by increasing clutch size,
unless reduced survival of offspring in large broods
offset this advantage

Answer 2

David Lack

Question 3

Given time and
resources are limited, how can the
organisms best use them to achieve its
maximum possible fitness?

Answer 3

Allocation of resources

Question 4

Age of first reproduction

Answer 4

maturity

Question 5

number of
episodes of reproduction

Answer 5

parity

Question 6

number of offspring
produced per reproductive episode

Answer 6

fecundity

Question 7

age to live

Answer 7

longevity

Question 8

short-lived, e.g.,
dandelion, with rapid population growth
rate, small body size, early maturity, larger
number of offspring, minimal parental care
(animals). Inhabit unstable conditions,
disturbed areas.

Answer 8

r-selected organism

Question 9

competitive species,
long-lived, e.g., oak tree with long life,
production of few, large seeds that can
grow readily in shaded environments, but
lack of mean of wide dispersal, poor
colonizers of new or empty habitats.

Answer 9

K-selected organism

Question 10

high annual survival rate (94%), start at 10
yrs.

Answer 10

albatross

Question 11

50% survival rate, start at 1 yr.
Natural selection favors the age of maturity that results in the
greatest number of offspring over the lifetime of the individual.

Answer 11

small songbirds

Question 12

fish, reptiles, amphibians

Different investments on growth and reproduction

Answer 12

indeterminate growth

Question 13

cold-blooded animals

Answer 13

ectothermic

Question 14

warm-blooded animals

Answer 14

endothermic

Question 15

One reproductive effort with all resources, then die

Answer 15

semelparity

Question 16

Produce fewer young at one time and repeat
reproduction throughout their lifetime

Answer 16

iteroparity

Question 17

A gradual increase in
mortality and a decline in fecundity as
physiological function deteriorates over
time.

Answer 17

senescence

Question 18

physiologically inactive state.

Answer 18

dormancy

Question 19

some insects entering resting state

Answer 19

diapause

Question 20

length of daytime

Answer 20

photoperiod

Question 21

produce offspring without involving of egg and sperm

Answer 21

asexual reproduction

Question 22

Can produce new gene combinations able to cope with a
changing environment.

Answer 22

Sexual reproduction

Question 23

Sexes are separate
individuals

Answer 23

dioecious

Question 24

Male and females
organs in same
flower

Answer 24

perfect flower

Question 25

Separate male and
female flowers

Answer 25

monoecious

Question 26

(one to one, form of a lasting pair bond between one
male and one female)

Answer 26

monogamy

Question 27

(one to two or more, a pair bond exists between individual
and each mate)

Answer 27

polygamy

Question 28

(one to one or many and no pair bound formed)

Answer 28

promiscuity