SPECIES CONCEPT AND SPECIATION

Question 1

controversies about how species should be discriminated against

Answer 1

species problem

Question 2

2 levels of discontinuity that are of special importance to the taxonomists

Answer 2

individuals, reproductively isolated populations

Question 3

populations that have some of the properties of species but lack other

Answer 3

incipient species

Question 4

a convenient term for the different forms or phenotypes that may occur within a single population

Answer 4

phenon

Question 5

phenon is composed of

Answer 5

intrapopulation variants

Question 6

populations which are the material of classification

Answer 6

taxon

Question 7

replaced the term variety in 19th century; an aggregate of phenotypically similar populations of species inhabiting a geographic subdivision of the range of that species

Answer 7

subspecies

Question 8

designates rank or level in a hierarchic classification

Answer 8

category

Question 9

vehicle of macroevolution or keystone of evolution

Answer 9

species

Question 10

the observed diversity of the universe reflects the existence of a limited number of underlying universals or types (the eidos of Plato)

Answer 10

typological species concept

Question 11

typological species concept is also known as

Answer 11

essentialist species concept

Question 12

deny the existence of real universals; only individuals exist while species are abstraction

Answer 12

nominalistic species concept

Question 13

points out that the species receives its reality from the historically evolves shared information in its gene pool

Answer 13

biological species concept

Question 14

biological meaning of species

Answer 14

protected gene pool

Question 15

species is a set of organisms that can recognize each other as potential mates

Answer 15

recognition species concept

Question 16

species is a set of organisms that are phenotypically similar and look different from other set of organisms

Answer 16

phenetic species concept

Question 17

a species is a tip on a phylogeny, that is, the smallest set of organisms that share an ancestor

Answer 17

phylogenetic species concept

Question 18

lineage-splitting event that produces two or more separate species

Answer 18

speciation

Question 19

causes of speciation

Answer 19

geographically isolated
reproductively isolated

Question 20

geographic separation: other island

Answer 20

allopatric

Question 21

still live in the same area: same island

Answer 21

sympatric

Question 22

before fertilization

Answer 22

prezygotic barriers

Question 23

after fertilization

Answer 23

postzygotic barrier

Question 24

speciation started because populations were prevented from interbreeding by geographic isolation

Answer 24

geographic isolation

Question 25

species occur in the same region but occupy different habitats so rarely encounter each other

Answer 25

ecological isolation

Question 26

species breed during different times of the day, different seasons, or different years cannot mix gametes

Answer 26

temporal isolation

Question 27

unique behavioral patters and rituals associate species

Answer 27

behavioral isolation

Question 28

morphological differences can prevent successful mating

Answer 28

mechanical isolation

Question 29

sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize the eggs of another and vice versa

Answer 29

gametic isolation

Question 30

receptor recognition; lock and key between egg and sperm

Answer 30

biochemical barrier

Question 31

sperm cannot survive in female reproductive tracts

Answer 31

chemical incompatibility

Question 32

prevent hybrid offspring from developing into a viable, fertile adult

Answer 32

post-reproduction barriers

Question 33

genes of different parent species may interact and impari the hybrid’s development

Answer 33

reducedd hybrid viability

Question 34

even if hybrids are vital, they are sterile

Answer 34

reduced hybrid fertility

Question 35

hybrids may be fertile and viable in F1 generation, but when they mate, offspring are weak and sterile

Answer 35

hybrid breakdown