WEEK 15 Flashcards
branch of geography that studies the past and present distribution of the world’s many species
biogeography
reconstruct the origins, dispersal, and extinctions of taxa and biotas
historical biogeography
accounts for the present distributions in terms of interactions between organisms and their physical and biotic environments
ecological biogeography
work on the protection and restoration of natural environments
conservation biogeography
derives from the traditional concepts of center of origin and dispersal
dispersalism
applies the rules of progression and deviation to elucidate the history of the geographical distribution of a group
phylogenetic biogeography
consists of plotting distributions of different taxas on maps
panbiogeographhy
assumes a correspondence between taxonomic relationships and area relationships
cladistic biogeography
classifies area by their shared taxa, analogous to characters, according to the most parsimonious slution
parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE)
looks at the variation between daily and annual temperatures
climatic equability
looks at evapotranspiration rates of plants
primary productivity
leads to the presence of more biodiversity
habitat heterogeneity
largest geographical biotic unit
biome
often found on either side of rainforests
savanna
driest of all biomes
desert
dominant plants are grasses and forbs
temperate grassland
the soils are fertile due to plenty of leaf litter
temperate deciduous forest
also known as boreal or coniferous forest, largest terrestrial biome
taiga
these regions range in size from just a few square meter to thousands of square kilometers
ponds and lakes
areas of standing water that support aquatic plants
wetlands
are widely distributed in warm shallow waters
coral reefs
mechanism that produces a parallel between ontogeny and phylogeny
heterochrony
recapitulation of phylogeny dependent on the physiological functions of heredity
ontogeny
evolutionary process in which larval or juvenile features of an ancestral organism are displaced to the adult forms of its descendants
paedomorphosis
if the period of growth of the descendant form is stopped prematurely
progenesis
if onset of growth is delayed
postdisplacement
if the rate of growth is less in the descendant than in the ancestory
neoteny
phylogenetic change in which individuals of a species mature past adulthood and take on traits which haven’t seen yet
peramorphosis
if the period of growth in the descendant is extended
hypermorphosis
if the onset of growth occurs earlier in the descendant than in the ancestor
predisplacement
if the growth rate is increased
acceleration
the conditon where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs
sexual dimorphism
