MOLECULAR EVOLUTION

Question 1

use of DNA to study the evolution of organisms

Answer 1

Molecular Evolution

Question 2

first protein sequenced

Answer 2

Insulin

Question 3

do not change amino acids

Answer 3

Synonymous mutation

Question 4

changes amino acid

Answer 4

Nonsynonymous mutation

Question 5

point mutation resulting in a pre-mature stop codon

Answer 5

Nonsense mutation

Question 6

results in a different amino acid

Answer 6

Missense mutation

Question 7

insertion/deletion of 1 or 2 nucleotides

Answer 7

Frameshift mutation

Question 8

mutation has no fitness effects

Answer 8

Neutral mutation

Question 9

mutation has detrimental/negative effect

Answer 9

Deleterious mutation

Question 10

mutation has positive effects

Answer 10

Beneficial mutations

Question 11

selective removal of deleterious mutations

Answer 11

Negative selection

Question 12

Increase the frequency of beneficial mutations

Answer 12

Positive selection

Question 13

figurative term for a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged

Answer 13

Molecular clock

Question 14

evolutionary history of a species or group of related species

Answer 14

Phylogeny

Question 15

ordered division and naming of organisms

Answer 15

Taxonomy

Question 16

taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy

Answer 16

taxon

Question 17

represents a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships

Answer 17

Phylogenetic tree

Question 18

groups that share an immediate common ancestor

Answer 18

Sister taxa

Question 19

represents the divergence of two species

Answer 19

branch point

Question 20

diverges early in the history of a group and originates near the common ancestor of the group

Answer 20

basal taxon

Question 21

branch from which more than two groups emerge

Answer 21

Polytomy