Week 11 The Antonines and Severans

Question 1

Antoninus Pius

Answer 1

Was adopted by Hadrian, which intern had then hired Marcus Aureliuys which then also wanted to hire Lucius Verus alongside him, he was married to Augusta, she is portrayed as pius, but Pius was a forgettable emperor he didnt do much but there was peace, he never left Italy, He was defied after his death,

Question 2

Building projects

Answer 2

He extended the boarders in england and established the Antonice wall, but the wall was not very well manned, it was not built with stone but with more ditches, dirt and wood. It was more semi permanent

Question 3

The Reign of Marcus Aurelius

Answer 3

Marcus married to Pius’s daughter, Marcus refused to rule without Lucius, gave up his family name Commodus, had the most authority, Marcus was a very thoughtful and wise, the last of the five best emperors he was a stoic philosopher, was the admisntrator constantly had to deal with northern tribes, he wrote the meditation of Marucs Aurelius its about keeping a calm mind in difficult times. in all his statues it shows him being merciful , calm and humble, he had an arch which no longer stands,

Question 4

Lucius Verus

Answer 4

Was more self centered and very different temperament, was a fan of warfare, and enjoyed sports especially the gladiatorial games, in his statues he was displayed as athletic, he was the defender,

Question 5

The Equestrian Sculpture

Answer 5

The only equestrian sculpture remaining from antiquity, it displays Marcus addressing his people, very detailed with draperies,

Question 6

The Column of Marcus Aurelius

Answer 6

The column is the same height as Trajan’s column, shows two campaigns against German tribes on the denude, and shows the pain and suffering of the enemy, and wanted to make you fell pity, also shows women and children being captured by the romans, shows the romans being saved by torrential downpour destroying the enemy cavalry.

Question 7

Commodus

Answer 7

Most of Marcus’s children died, but Commodus lived a bad emperor and insane ruler, second time in roman history where succession was done through bloodline, Cassius Dio blames the fall of Rome on Commodus, rome never recoverd from the damage he did, he though he was the incarnation of Hercules and later Jupiter, he was assassinated, his death led to civil war, he allowed the eastern provinces to crumble away, and declared the war over in Germania and, had his senators do most of the administrative work, he gave the praetorian guard large power which made them sell their services to the next emperor.

Question 8

Septimius Severus

Answer 8

When Septimius came to power he was in the year of five emperors and established an empire, the women in the dynasty were highly involved, born in Lepcis Magna in north Africa, he spoke greek and Latin with an accent, claimed to be an heir of Marcus, was good war leader and politician, knew what to do to keep the peace, he increased the number of legions, loved by soldiers and shared their hardships, allowed the soldiers to marry and increased their salary,

Question 9

Julia Domna

Answer 9

Was the matriach of the family, she gave council to her husband and accompanied her husband on military campaigns, she was shown to be the As Ceres, she and her husband performed sacrifices.

Question 10

The Arch of Septimius Severus in Rome

Answer 10

The arch is one the best perserved monuments because it was buried underground and it was dug out in the 18th century, was by entrance of the forum, in part of the arch it shows the Parthians shooting arrows at the romans, you can also see the Parthians bending the knee to Septimius, We see the military on the inside and outside forts , would now stand in the way of every future triumph,

Question 11

Caracalla

Answer 11

Had his brother murdered, he made sure that his brother Geta was removed from all family portraits, murdered all Geta’s friends, he looked horrifying his statues and he was horrible and cruel, His style would be adopted by the future soldier emperors. he rained for 6 years and was killed,

Question 12

The soldier emperors

Answer 12

After Caracullas death, there was war to gain be emperor, the succesful emperors who won aslo had scowling portraits, because life was becoming worse for people, they looked to different religions that promised salvation and life after death,

Question 13

Valerian

Answer 13

Was captured by a Persian king and became the first emperor to do so, he had a son to help him,

Question 14

Gallienus

Answer 14

The scowling appearance is gone, he was nice to he Christians and did not force the roman religion on them, he was killed in a ku.

Question 15

Aurelian

Answer 15

He reigned for five years and was able to fight the barbarians, he left behind a great monument, He made a fortification wall around Rome.

Question 16

Crisis of the third century

Answer 16

The empire was being torn apart from the inside, the monetary policy was bankrupting the empire becaeu of the larger army, while more tribes were raiding the empire, the sassanid empire conquered Antioch, Postumus established the Gallic Empire which covered England, France and Spain, Odaenathus took back Antioch but was killed, Zenbia declared her son emperor and started the Palmyran Empire but was reconquered. He aslo gained back the Gaulic empire, but the death of Aurelian caused more civil war which eventually gave way to Diocletian. He divided the Empire into two which prolonged the existence of the roman empire.

Question 17

Commodus

Answer 17

Macus had many children but Commodus survived, he was not just bad at ruling but also very crazy, in 177 CE he was to rule jointly, Commodus in his portraits looks out of it, Cassius blames Commodus for the fall of the empire, he believed he was Hercules, and did not care about running the empire, after his death there was a period of instability, civil war appeared again after the five great emperors, claimed a victory with the Germanic tribes even though there wasn’t, he lost provinces in the east, took part in the colosseum, gave the praetorian guard enormous power, and was eventually assassinated by the senate, out of all of this came a new dynasty.

Question 18

Septimius Severus

Answer 18

He seized power from Didius, he fought of rivals and it became the year of the 5 emperors, once Septimius tool power he established a dynasty,