Week 10 Cardiovascular Flashcards
Compliance
The “stretch ability” of the myocardial walls
Elasticity
The ability of the myocardial wall to returned its original shape “SnapBack”
Contractility
The force of the contraction generated By the myocardium
Ischemia
Tissue doesn’t get blood flow
Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the heart
Pericardial restriction
Heart can’t fill (expand)
After load
The resistance of the system
Wall stress
The amount of strength and stretch required of the heart to pump
Stroke volume
The amount of blood ejected by the ventricles with each contraction
Starlings law
The more the myocardial fibers are stretched the greater the force with which they snap back
Cardiac output
Heart rate x stroke volume
Baroreceptors
Receptors within the blood vessels that detects pressure in the heart.
Chemoreceptors
Sense changes O2, CO2, and respond to changing heart and respiratory rate
Vascular resistance
The pressure of the system is inversely proportional the the diameter of the lumen, given a constant volume
What does ADH do?
Increased blood volume
Hypertension
The consistent elevation of systemic evaluation of arterial BP above 120/80
Orthostatic hypotension
Drop on BP from supine to upright position (at least 20 mmHg)
Varicose veins
Dilated or tortuous veins that typically lead to venous insufficiency
Varicose veins etiology
Long periods of standing, increased intraabominal pressure (pregnancy), prolonged pressure=valve incompetence
Varicose veins S&S
Distended veins
Aching lower extremities edema
Venous insufficiency
Chronic venous disease of the lower extremity cause by incompetent valves
Primary hyperlipidemia cause
Genetic
Secondary hyperlipidemia
Diabetes, thyroid disorders, renal disease, ETOH, obesity, diet, medications
LDL
Bad cholesterol
Optimal <100 mg/dL
HDL
Good cholesterol
<40 is low
>60 high
Atherosclerosis
Artery thickening because of accumulation of fatty materials, plaque formation
Fatty streaks
Think yellow lines in major arteries
Fibrous atheroma
Develop from fatty streaks, clinical atherosclerosis, accumulation of infra/extracellular lipids, smooth muscles proliferation,
Complicated atherosclerosis
Fibrous plaque breaks open producing hemorrhage, ulceration and scar tissue deposits
Acute coronary stroke
Includes all types of ischemic heart disease
Acute coronary syndrome S&S
Chest pain, pressure, crushing, radiating to the left arm, neck, and jaw
Acute coronary syndrome treatment
Oxygen, ASS, nitrates,anti platelet, AC..
Chronic stable angina
Chronic paroxysmal chest pain/pressure associated with cardiac ischemia from ASHD
Variant angina
Vasopastic angina that occurs at rest, minimal exercise and at night
Ineffective endocarditis
Bacterial on valve, destroy cardiac and valvular tissue
Most common in mitral and aortic valves
Rheumatic fever
An immune mediated, multi system inflammatory disease after group A beta hemolytic strep
Destroys the valves due to chronic under treated infection
Mitral stenosis
Info please opening of valve
Mitral insufficiency/regurgitation
“Leaky valve” due to RH, ruptured chordae, endocarditis
Aortic valve stenosis
Valve does not open enough
Acute pericarditis
Inflammation of pericardium
Pericardial effusion
Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Thickening of ventricular septum causes impaired filling arrhythmia(one of most common cardiomyopathy)
Congested heart failure
Cardiac dysfunction that results in inadequate perfusion of tissues
Right side heart failure symptoms
Peripheral edema Ascites JVD Weight gain Decreased urine output Fatigue Tachycardia
Left sided congested heart failure
Pulmonary edema Shortness of breath Pink frothy sputum Rales Orthopnea Weight gain fatigue
Shock
Failure of circulatory system to deliver adequate supply of nutrients and oxygen to tissues
Cardiogenic shock
Decrease cardiac output and evidence of tissue hypoxia in presence of adequate intravascar volume
Hypovolemic shock
Caused by loss of blood blind by hemorrhage, dehydration, fluid shift (third spacing)
Neurogenic/vasogenic shock
Massive vasodilation resulting from parasympathetic overstimulation or sympathetic under stimulation
Anaphylactic shock
Massive vasodilation and peripheral pool resulting from histamine releases on allergic reaction
Septic shock
Massive vasodilation and increased permeability of vessels with fluid volume shifts secondary to inflammatory vascular response
Vasculitis
Inflammation of the blood vessels
Parasympathetic
Decrease heart rate, BP and vasodilates
Sympathetic system
Increase heart rate and vasoconstriction
Clot in the legs goes where?
Lungs
Clot in the heart goes to where?
Head
Stenosis
Valve doesn’t open
Regurgitation
Valve doesn’t close fully
