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Patho > Week 10 Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Week 10 Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Compliance

A

The “stretch ability” of the myocardial walls

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2
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of the myocardial wall to returned its original shape “SnapBack”

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3
Q

Contractility

A

The force of the contraction generated By the myocardium

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4
Q

Ischemia

A

Tissue doesn’t get blood flow

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5
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Enlargement of the heart

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6
Q

Pericardial restriction

A

Heart can’t fill (expand)

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7
Q

After load

A

The resistance of the system

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8
Q

Wall stress

A

The amount of strength and stretch required of the heart to pump

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9
Q

Stroke volume

A

The amount of blood ejected by the ventricles with each contraction

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10
Q

Starlings law

A

The more the myocardial fibers are stretched the greater the force with which they snap back

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11
Q

Cardiac output

A

Heart rate x stroke volume

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12
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Receptors within the blood vessels that detects pressure in the heart.

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13
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Sense changes O2, CO2, and respond to changing heart and respiratory rate

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14
Q

Vascular resistance

A

The pressure of the system is inversely proportional the the diameter of the lumen, given a constant volume

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15
Q

What does ADH do?

A

Increased blood volume

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16
Q

Hypertension

A

The consistent elevation of systemic evaluation of arterial BP above 120/80

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17
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Drop on BP from supine to upright position (at least 20 mmHg)

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18
Q

Varicose veins

A

Dilated or tortuous veins that typically lead to venous insufficiency

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19
Q

Varicose veins etiology

A

Long periods of standing, increased intraabominal pressure (pregnancy), prolonged pressure=valve incompetence

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20
Q

Varicose veins S&S

A

Distended veins

Aching lower extremities edema

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21
Q

Venous insufficiency

A

Chronic venous disease of the lower extremity cause by incompetent valves

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22
Q

Primary hyperlipidemia cause

A

Genetic

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23
Q

Secondary hyperlipidemia

A

Diabetes, thyroid disorders, renal disease, ETOH, obesity, diet, medications

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24
Q

LDL

A

Bad cholesterol

Optimal <100 mg/dL

25
Q

HDL

A

Good cholesterol
<40 is low
>60 high

26
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Artery thickening because of accumulation of fatty materials, plaque formation

27
Q

Fatty streaks

A

Think yellow lines in major arteries

28
Q

Fibrous atheroma

A

Develop from fatty streaks, clinical atherosclerosis, accumulation of infra/extracellular lipids, smooth muscles proliferation,

29
Q

Complicated atherosclerosis

A

Fibrous plaque breaks open producing hemorrhage, ulceration and scar tissue deposits

30
Q

Acute coronary stroke

A

Includes all types of ischemic heart disease

31
Q

Acute coronary syndrome S&S

A

Chest pain, pressure, crushing, radiating to the left arm, neck, and jaw

32
Q

Acute coronary syndrome treatment

A

Oxygen, ASS, nitrates,anti platelet, AC..

33
Q

Chronic stable angina

A

Chronic paroxysmal chest pain/pressure associated with cardiac ischemia from ASHD

34
Q

Variant angina

A

Vasopastic angina that occurs at rest, minimal exercise and at night

35
Q

Ineffective endocarditis

A

Bacterial on valve, destroy cardiac and valvular tissue

Most common in mitral and aortic valves

36
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

An immune mediated, multi system inflammatory disease after group A beta hemolytic strep
Destroys the valves due to chronic under treated infection

37
Q

Mitral stenosis

A

Info please opening of valve

38
Q

Mitral insufficiency/regurgitation

A

“Leaky valve” due to RH, ruptured chordae, endocarditis

39
Q

Aortic valve stenosis

A

Valve does not open enough

40
Q

Acute pericarditis

A

Inflammation of pericardium

41
Q

Pericardial effusion

A

Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity

42
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Thickening of ventricular septum causes impaired filling arrhythmia(one of most common cardiomyopathy)

43
Q

Congested heart failure

A

Cardiac dysfunction that results in inadequate perfusion of tissues

44
Q

Right side heart failure symptoms

A 
Peripheral edema 
Ascites 
JVD
Weight gain 
Decreased urine output 
Fatigue 
Tachycardia
45
Q

Left sided congested heart failure

A 
Pulmonary edema 
Shortness of breath 
Pink frothy sputum 
Rales
Orthopnea
Weight gain 
fatigue
46
Q

Shock

A

Failure of circulatory system to deliver adequate supply of nutrients and oxygen to tissues

47
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Decrease cardiac output and evidence of tissue hypoxia in presence of adequate intravascar volume

48
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Caused by loss of blood blind by hemorrhage, dehydration, fluid shift (third spacing)

49
Q

Neurogenic/vasogenic shock

A

Massive vasodilation resulting from parasympathetic overstimulation or sympathetic under stimulation

50
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A

Massive vasodilation and peripheral pool resulting from histamine releases on allergic reaction

51
Q

Septic shock

A

Massive vasodilation and increased permeability of vessels with fluid volume shifts secondary to inflammatory vascular response

52
Q

Vasculitis

A

Inflammation of the blood vessels

53
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Decrease heart rate, BP and vasodilates

54
Q

Sympathetic system

A

Increase heart rate and vasoconstriction

55
Q

Clot in the legs goes where?

A

Lungs

56
Q

Clot in the heart goes to where?

A

Head

57
Q

Stenosis

A

Valve doesn’t open

58
Q

Regurgitation

A

Valve doesn’t close fully

Patho (19 decks)

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