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Patho > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium normal range

A

135-145 mEq/L

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2
Q

Hyponatremia signs and symptoms

A 
Headache
Lethargy 
Apathy
Confusion
Nausea/diarrhea 
Fluid overload 
Vomiting and abdominal cramping 
Muscle cramps and spasms
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3
Q

Hypernatremia signs and symptoms

A 
Dehydration 
Dry mucous membranes 
Restlessness 
Tachycardia 
Hypotension 
Decrease reflexes
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4
Q

Potassium normal ranges

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

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5
Q

Sodium (regulation, main function and target organ)

A

regulated by kidney, GI and skin
main function: fluid regulation
target organ: brain

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6
Q

Potassium (regulation, main function and target organ)

A

main function: smooth electrical conduction to the muscles and contract heart
target organ: heart

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7
Q

Hypokalemia sighs and symptoms

A

Cardiac arrhythmias

Tachycardia

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8
Q

Treatment of hypokalemia

A

Never give a rapid administration of potassium

I’ve missed be given slow and diluted

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9
Q

Hyperkalemia signs and symptoms

A

Dysthymias

Bradycardia

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10
Q

Treatment for hyperkalemia

A

Never give IV push

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11
Q

Calcium normal range

A

8.5-10.5 mg/dL

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12
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Raises calcium levels by pulling it from the bone

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13
Q

Calcitonin hormone

A

Calcium lowers by storing it in bones

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14
Q

Calcium and phosphate relationships

A

Ex: As calcium increases phosphate decreases

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15
Q

Hypocalcemia signs and symptoms

A

Spastic muscle or increase muscle contraction

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16
Q

Hypercalcemia signs and symptoms

A 
Muscle flaccidity (not great contractions)
Bone tenderness/pain
17
Q

Phosphate normal range

A

2.5-4.5

18
Q

Calcium (main function and target organ)

A

Main function: bone development, smooth muscle contraction

Target organ; skeletal muscles

19
Q

Hypophosphatemia signs and symptoms

A

Resemble hypercalcemia

20
Q

Hyperphosphatemia signs and symptoms

A

Similar to hypocalcemia

Muscle cramps, twitching, tetany

21
Q

Magnesium normal range

A

2.2-3.0 mEq/L

22
Q

Magnesium (regulation, main function and target organ)

A

Regulated at kidneys
Main function: regulars hormones
Target organ: heart

23
Q

Hypomagnesium sign and symptoms

A

Dysrhythmia
Tachycardia
(Similar to hypokalemia)

24
Q

Hypermagnesium signs and symptoms

A

Dysrythmias

Bradycardia

25
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Isotonic dehydration

26
Q

Hypervolemia

A

Fluid volume excess

Patho (19 decks)

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