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patho > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Glands of endocrine system

A

Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal glands

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2
Q

What does ADH do?

A

Regulate water and electrolytes by holding onto sodium

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3
Q

Paracrine

A

Hormone produces action locally on other cells

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4
Q

Autocrine

A

Produces action on the cells from which they were produced

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5
Q

How is the hypothalamus activity regulated?

A

Through the negative feedback system

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6
Q

How to get T3 and T4

A

Hypothalamus—TRH—pituitary—TSH— acts on thyroid gland—T3 and T4

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7
Q

What is the master gland?

A

Pituitary gland

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8
Q

Hypofuncfion

A

Congenital defect on gland/enzyme
Gland destroyed and caused inflammation, infection, autoimmune response
Receptor defect

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9
Q

Hyper function

A

Excessive hormone production
Excess stimulation
Hyperplasia

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10
Q

Primary disorder

A

Originate in the target gland for producing the hormone

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11
Q

Secondary disorder

A

Target gland function is normal but altered by defective levels of stimulating or releasing hormones from pituitary gland

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12
Q

Tertiary disorder

A

Results from hypothalamic dysfunction- both pituitary and target glands are under stimulated

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13
Q

Hyperpituitarism cause

A

Typically pituitary adenoma

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14
Q

Adenoma

A

Benign tumor from anterior pituitary

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15
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Decreased secretion of pituitary hormones causing hypofunctiom

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16
Q

Idiopathic short stature

A

Normal variant of short statue with unknown cause

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17
Q

Psychosocial dwarfism

A

Functional hypopituitarism
Seen in emotionally deprived children
Poor eating, drinking habits
Potbelly

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18
Q

Classic GH deficiency

A

Normal intelligence, short stature, obesity with premature facial features, puberty often delayed
Treatment: human GH

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19
Q

Gigantism

A

GH excess before puberty

20
Q

Acromegaly

A

GH excess in adulthood

21
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Slowing down of metabolic process

22
Q

Hypothyroidism manifestations

A

Gradual onset of generalized weakness, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, brittle hair, puffy face

23
Q

Hypothyroidism diagnosis

A

Elevated TSH and low T4

24
Q

Thyroid storm cause

A

Causes when hyperthyroid is not treaded properly—from stress, infection, DKA

25
Q

Thyroid storm manifestation

A

Very high fever
Tachycardia
Angina

26
Q

Thyroid storm treatment

A

Should be rapid, cooling without shiver response fluids, glucose, steroids

27
Q

Myxedema

A

No pitting edema (especially face)

28
Q

Hyperthyroidism causes

A

High levels of T3 and T4

Hyperactive thyroid gland

29
Q

Hyperthyroidism manifestations

A

Nervous, irritability, weight loss, tachycardia, excessive sweating l, heat intolerance

30
Q

Addison’s disease

A

(Rare) adrenal cortical hormone is deficient cause inflammation causing ACTH Elevation

31
Q

Addison’s disease manifestations

A

Urinary loss of sodium, chloride, water

Hyperkalemia

32
Q

Cushing syndrome use, manifesstation

A

Hypercortisolism
Protruding abdomen
Sub clavicular fat pass
Moon face

33
Q

Type I diabetes

A

Beta cell destruction (absolute insulin deficiency)
Rapid onset
Weight loss

34
Q

Type II diabetes

A

Insulin resistance, relative insulin Deficiency
Gradual
Genetic, behavior, environmental
Overweight

35
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

Secondary to other conditions, Cushing syndrome, acromegaly, pancreatitis, medications

36
Q

Flashing glucose levels

A

Fasting for 8hrs and taking glucose levels

<100

37
Q

Oral glucose tolerance test

A

Measures body ability to remove glucose from body within 2 beds after consuming 75 g glucose with 300 mL of water
140-200 mg/dL

38
Q

Hemoglobin A1C

A

Measures average blood Glucose level in the last 100 days

>6.5

39
Q

Diabetes symptoms

A

Política
Polyphagia
Polydyspia

40
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis

Cute life-threatening complication of uncontrolled DM

41
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms

A

Lethargy, vomiting, abdominal pain, coma, fruity breath

Dehydrated

42
Q

Hypoglycemia side effect

A

Rapid onset-anxiety, tremors, tachycardia, cool clammy skin

43
Q

Somogyi effect

A

Hypoglycemia from 2-4 am

Decrease insulin at bedtime

44
Q

Dawn phenomenon

A

Hyperglycemia when waking up
Headache, sweats, nightmares
Increase insulin at bedtime

45
Q

Ketoacidosis

A

Inadequate amounts of insulin sugars can’t be metabolized and fat catabolism occurs
Extreme thirst. Polaris, rapid pulse, hypertension

patho (19 decks)

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