Lecture 6 Acid Base Balance

Question 1

Normal blood pH

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

Acidic

Answer 2

Increase H+ decreases pH

Question 3

Alkalotic

Answer 3

Decrease H+ will increase pH

Question 4

What is pH

Answer 4

% of hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 5

Acidosis

Answer 5

<7.35 pH
Manifestations: alterations in cardiac contractions
Decreased vascular responses to catecholamines
Dec. response to certain meds
Can lead to loss of consciousness

Question 6

Alkalosis

Answer 6

> 7.45
Manifestations: impaired neurological function
Impaired muscular function
Tingling sensations, nervousness, muscle twitches

Question 7

What are the effects of pH?

Answer 7

pH changes affect enzyme function
pH dec then excitability of nerve/muscle cells dec
pH inc then excitability of nerve/muscle cells inc

Question 8

Respiratory acidosis/alkalosis

Answer 8

Caused by LUNGS or breathing disorders

Results from excess or def. CO2

Question 9

Metabolic acidosis/alkalosis

Answer 9

Caused by imbalance in the prod. And excretion of acids and bases by the KIDNEYS
results from excess of def of bicarb

Question 10

Is CO2 and acid or base

Answer 10

Acid and when mixed with water forms carbonic acid

Question 11

What do the kidneys do?

Answer 11

Excrete nonvolatile acids

Retain/excrete bicarbonate (buffer)

Question 12

Potassium in relation to acidosis and alkalosis

Answer 12

Acidosis causes hyperkalemia

Alkalosis causes hypokalemia

Question 13

Compensation for acid-base imbalances

Answer 13

An imbalance of pH caused by one system will be made up by another system
Respiratory: if low pH respiratory Increases, if high pH respiratory dec
Metabolic: if low pH kidneys eliminate H+ and reabsorber bicarb
If high pH kidneys converge H+ and excrete bicarbonate

Question 14

pH, PaCO2, HCO3 Numbers

Answer 14

pH= 7.35-7.45
PaCO2= 35-45 mm Hg
HCO3= 22-36 mEq/L
PaO2- 80-100

Question 15

How can we tell we need respiration

Answer 15

The CO2 concentration in blood

Question 16

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 16

pH <7.35
pCO2 >45
Caused by resp. system failed to remove CO2 as fast as prod. By cells
Manifestations= cyanosis, disorientation, dysrhythmias

Question 17

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 17

Loss of CO2 from lungs faster than prod. By cells —-fast breaking from anxiety, hyperventilation, pneumonia
pH>7.45
PCO2< 35
Manifestations: light headed, paresthesias(tingling), altered consciousness, muscle spasms

Question 18

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 18

Abnormal accumulation of acids or abnormal loss of base
pH <7.35
pCO3 <22
Manifestations: kussmauls breathing (deep breathing) disorientation, coma, dysrhythmias, hypotension

Question 19

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 19

Results from loss of H+ assets or an addition of base to body fluid
pH>7.45
pCO>26
Manifestations: dysrhythmias, paresthesias, lightheaded

Question 20

what are ABGs

Answer 20

Arríela blood gases measure blood pH and concentration of O2, CO2, bicarb