Week 10: Antibiotics Flashcards
Causes of drug resistance
- Overuse of broad-spectrum antib
- Over prescription of ax. for viral illnesses
Which type of bacteria has a cytoplasmic membrane surrounded by a touch rigid mesh cell wall?
Gram + organisms
stain purple
Ex: staph aureus, strep pneumoniae, clostridium
Which type of bacteria has a thin cell wall surrounded by a second lipid membrane?
Gram - organisms
stain pink
Ex: E. coli, pseudomonas, H. pylori, Neisseria, gonerrhea, salmonella
What type of organism needs oxygen to survive?
Obligate aerobes
What type of organism is poisoned by oxygen?
obligate anaerobes
What type of organism can grow with or without oxygen because they can metabolize energy aerobically or anaerobically?
Facilitative anaerobes
What type of antibiotic stops the bacteria from growing but does not kill it?
Bacteriostatic
What type of antibiotic kills the bacteria?
Bactericidal - important to use this type in patients that are immunocompromised
When prescribing antibiotics based on evidence-based guidelines you are deciding on what antibiotic to give based on….?
Empiric evidence
When prescribing an antibiotic to pretreat patients having a surgical procedure to prevent infection, you are treating…..?
Prophylactically
When prescribing and antibiotic based on susceptibility found on a culture result, you are treating…..?
Definitively
Important factors to keep in mind when prescribing antibiotics:
- immune system function
- renal and hepatic function
- Age
- Pregnancy/lactation
- Risk for multi-drug-resistance organisms
- Patient adherence: lowest frequency for the shortest duration
- cost effective
- for kids: taste good and most concentrated dose
