Week 1 PP Flashcards
By ethnicity & sex which are most likely to die from heart disease…
Black Most Deaths for Males & Females
White male most likely
1 in 2 men
1 in 3 women
Will die of HD befire age 40
T or F
T
Percent of deaths caused by heart disease
25%
Risk factors for heart disease (5)
Weight
BP
Glucose
Cholesterol
Tobacco
In USA about how many die from Heart Disease annually…
1 million
Half men / Half women
Most fatal type of cardiovascular disease
Coronary Heart Disease
Most likely age group to die from cardiovascular disease…
80+
Blood flow through the heart
How & where does Unoxygenated blood enter the heart?
Superior Vena cava Upper Body
Inferior vena cava Lower Body
Blood flow through the heart
- Unoxygenated blood enters (this portion of the heart) ___ from the Superior & Inferior Vena Cava
- After it travles through this valve.
- Unoxygenated blood in the right ventricle is then sent to the lungs. Through this Valve & this blood vessels…
- Blood is sent back from the lungs via this blood vessels…
- Oxygenated blood reaches this part of the heart first…
- Then, oxygenated blood is sent through this valve to this part of the heart.
- Finally oxygenated blood is sent through this valve & blood vessel to be distributed to the body.
- Right Atrium
- Tricuspid
- Pulmonary Valve & Pulmonary Artery (Unoxygenated)
- Pulmonary Vein
- Left atrium
- Mitral / bicuspid valve & Left Ventricle
- Aortic valve / aorta
The Aorta has 3 arteries that extend from it.
Name them & their function
Starting most leftward
Left subclavian
Supply oxygen-rich blood to the upper body, including the left arm, neck, head, and part of the brain
Left common carotid artery (LCCA)
Supplies oxygen-rich blood to the head and neck, including the brain
Brachiocephalic
Carry oxygenated blood to the upper right side of the body, specifically supplying blood to the right arm, head, and neck.
Brachiocephalic branches into 2 arteries.
The right subclavian artery (for the arm)
Right common carotid artery (for the head and neck).
Purpose of Chordea Tendineae
Attaches to the Atrioventricular Valves (AV) and prevents them from prolapsing into the Atrium with contractions
Accomplished by anchoring the Valve leaflets to the papilary muscles.
Located near the temples on the side of the head.
Supplies blood to parts of the forehead and scalp.
Used to assess a pulse in infants or when other sites are inaccessible.
Temporal Artery
Found on both sides of the neck.
Supplies oxygenated blood to the brain, neck, and face.
Commonly checked during CPR for pulse assessment.
Carotid Artery
Not an artery but refers to the heartbeat heard over the apex of the heart using a stethoscope.
Reflects the left ventricular contraction.
Assessed for irregularities in rhythm or rate.
Apical Pulse (Heart)
Runs along the upper arm.
Supplies blood to the arm and hand.
Used to measure blood pressure or pulse in infants.
Brachial Artery
Located on the thumb side of the wrist.
Supplies blood to the forearm and hand.
Common site for measuring pulse in adults.
Radial Artery
Found in the groin area.
Supplies blood to the lower abdomen, thighs, and legs.
Checked during trauma or emergencies to assess circulation to the lower body.
Femoral Artery
Located behind the knee.
Supplies blood to the knee joint, thigh, and calf.
Assessed for circulation in the lower leg.
Popliteal Artery
Runs along the inner side of the ankle.
Supplies blood to the foot.
Checked to assess circulation to the foot.
Posterior Tibial Artery
Located on the top of the foot.
Supplies blood to the foot and toes.
Assessed to evaluate peripheral circulation, particularly in patients with vascular disease.
Pedal (Dorsalis Pedis) Artery
Types of Semilunar Valves:
_________
Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
Prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle during diastole (heart relaxation).
______
Located between the left ventricle and the aorta.
Prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole.
Pulmonary Valve
Prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle during diastole (heart relaxation).
Aortic Valve
Located between the left ventricle and the aorta.
Prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole.
Composed of three cusps (or leaflets).
Open during ventricular systole (contraction) to allow blood to flow out of the heart.
Close during ventricular diastole to prevent blood from flowing back into the heart.
Semilunar Valves
Pulmonary & Aortic Valve
Cardiac Conduction System
Location: Upper right atrium, near the opening of the superior vena cava.
Function:
Acts as the heart’s natural pacemaker.
Initiates electrical impulses that set the heart’s rhythm (normal rate: 60–100 beats per minute).
Causes the atria to contract, pushing blood into the ventricles.
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
Location….
Function… (3)
Location:
Upper right atrium, near the opening of the superior vena cava.
Function:
Acts as the heart’s natural pacemaker.
Initiates electrical impulses that set the heart’s rhythm (normal rate: 60–100 beats per minute).
Causes the atria to contract, pushing blood into the ventricles.