Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 2245 Cardiac > Dysrhythmias Overview > Flashcards

Dysrhythmias Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Parasympathetic NS

____ rate of SA Node
____ impulse conduction of AV node

&

Sympathetic

___ Rate of SA node
____ impulse conduction of AV node
___ cardiac contractility

A

Parasympathetic

Decrease/ Slow

Sympathetic

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Intrinsic heart rate

SA…

AV….

Purkinje Fibers….

A

SA 60 - 100

AV 40 - 60

Fibers 20 - 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of Dysrhthmias

H (6)

T (5)

A

Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
Hydrogen ion
Hyper/hypokalemia
Hypoglycemia
Hypothermia

Toxins
Tamponade
Thrombosis
Tensión pneumonia thorax (Tracheal deviation/ Chest Tube)
Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 lead EKG set up

A

Right

White
Brown - near sternum
Green

Left

Black
Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do the following represent

P wave
QRS complex
T wave

A

P wave: Atrial Depolarization/ Contraction

QRS complex Ventriclar Depolarization/ Contraction

T wave Ventriclar Filling/ Repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PR Interval:

A

Time for atrial depolarization and conduction through the AV node to the ventricles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ST Segment:

A

Early phase of ventricular repolarization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

QT Interval:

A

Total time for ventricular depolarization and repolarization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

U Wave (if present):

A

Late repolarization of the Purkinje fibers (not always visible).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How to find HR from a EKG

A

Multiply # of QRS segments in a 30 box strip (6 Seconds) by 10.

1 big box = 0.20 Seconds
5 big boxes = 1 second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Interval measurements normals

PR (SA - AV)….

QRS (Through Ventricle) …

QT (Ventricle through Repolarization) ….

Assess ST segment for….

A

PR (SA - AV) 0.12 - 0.20

QRS (Through Ventricle) 0.06 - 0.10

QT (Ventricle through Repolarization) 0.34 - 0.43

Assess ST segment for Isometric (FLAT) Is normal.

NO elevation or depression- MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How to measure PR interval (From which points on ECT)….

Normal time….

What abnormal represents….

A

Beginning of P to Beginning of QRS complex

Normal 0.12 - 0.20

Longer = 1st degree heart block

Progressively longer = 2nd Degree Heart block, Wenckebach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sinus Bradycardia is normal rhythm with rate <60

Causes…

A

Vagal stimulation (Vomiting, Suctioning, Valsalva)
Hypoxia
Beta blockers
Electrolyte disturbances
Hypothyroidism
Well trained athlete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vagal stimulation (Vomiting, Suctioning, Valsalva)
Hypoxia
Beta blockers
Electrolyte disturbances
Hypothyroidism
Well trained athlete

Causes which Rhythm…

A

Sinus Bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Syncope
Dizziness
Confusion
Weakness
Hypotension
Diaphoresis
SOB
Chest pain / Angina

A

Sinus Bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

S S for Sinus Bradycardia (8)

A

Syncope
Dizziness
Confusion
Weakness
Hypotension
Diaphoresis
SOB
Chest pain / Angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Atropine
IV fluids
Ox
If Beta-Blockers OD is the cause Glucagon can be given
Transcutaneous / Transvenous pacing

A

Sinus Brady cardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Treatment for Sinus Bradycardia (5)

A

Atropine
IV fluids
Ox
If Beta-Blockers OD is the cause Glucagon can be given
Transcutaneous / Transvenous pacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

AV blocks

Describe ECG

1st degree..

2nd degree Winkebach….

2nd degree Mobitz…

3rd Degree….

A

1st degree: PR >0.20 All P waves present

2nd degree Winkebach: Progressive prolongation of PR interval until QRS is dropped

2nd degree Mobitz: Constant PR interval with occasional dropped QRS

3rd Degree: No association between P waves & QRS Interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PR >0.20 All P waves present

A

1st degree heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2nd degree Winkebach: Progressive prolongation of PR interval until QRS is dropped

Constant PR interval with occasional dropped QRS

A

2nd degree Mobitz:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

No association between P waves & QRS Interval

A

3rd Degree heart block

23
Q

Chest discomfort
Restlessness, anxiety, nerves
Palpitations
SOB
JVD
S³ / S4
Hypotension
Pale, cool, skin

A

Sinus Tachycardia

24
Q

Sinsu Tachycardia SS (8)

A

Chest discomfort
Restlessness, anxiety, nerves
Palpitations
SOB
Hypotension
JVD
S3 / S4

25
Q

Difference in rhythm strips for SVT & Sinus Tachycardia

A

SVT the P wave is “embedded” in the T wave

26
Q

SVT Causes & Symptoms

A

Causes

Digoxin toxicity >2
Stimulants

Symptoms
Angina
Palpation weakness
Fatigue
SOB
Anxiety
Hypotension

27
Q

Vagal stimulation
IV adenosine PUSH 2 Secs
BB/ CCB
Amiodarone- helps with rhythm- controls QT interval
Synchronized Cardioversion- Sedate if possible

A

SVT Treatment

28
Q

SVT Treatment (5)

A

Vagal stimulation
IV adenosine PUSH 2 Secs
BB/ CCB
Amiodarone- helps with rhythm- controls QT interval
Synchronized Cardioversion- Sedate if possible

29
Q

Difference in appearance between A Fib & A Flutter.

A

No defined P wave.

A Fib has Squiggly lines

A Flutter has a Sawtooth appearance

30
Q

HTN
HF
CAD
Genetic component

A

Causes of A fib & A Flutter

31
Q

Causes of A fib & A Flutter

A

HTN
CAD
HF
Genetics

32
Q

Irregular Heart beat
Heart Palpation
Lightheadedness
Extreme fatigue
SOB
Angina

A

A fib / A Flutter

33
Q

Symptoms of A fib / A Flutter (6)

A

Irregular Heart beat
Heart Palpation
Lightheadedness
Extreme fatigue
SOB
Angina

34
Q

Goals

Restore blood flow through atrium

Prevent embolism & increase cardiac output

This disease

A

A fib / A Flutter

35
Q

Drug therapy

CCB
Beta-Blockers
Cardiac Glucosode - Digoxin
Antiarrhythmics- Flecainide
Anticoagulants

If drugs dont help

Synchronized Cardioversion
Ablation

A

A fib / A flutter

36
Q

Meds & treatment for A fib / A Flutter

Meds (5)
Treatment (2)

A

CCB
Beta-Blockers
Cardiac Glucosode - Digoxin
Antiarrhythmics- Flecainide
Anticoagulants

If drugs dont help

Synchronized Cardioversion
Ablation

37
Q

Occasional wide QRS complexes is suggestive of…

Describe level of concern…

A

PVC

Benign if isolated

> 6 in 1 minute or 2 or more in a row can be dangerous

38
Q

Increased age
MI
HF
COPD
Anemia
Hypo mag/ K
Stimulates

A

PVC

39
Q

PVC Causes (7)

A

Increased age
MI
HF
COPD
Anemia
Hypo mag/ K
Stimulates

40
Q

Bigeminy & Trigeminy

Couplets

Describe…

A

Bigeminy = every 2nd beat is PVC * Caution can turn into V Tach

Trigeminy = every 3rd beat is PVC

Couplet = 2 PVC contractions next to eachother * Can turn into V TACH

41
Q

V Tach can be intermittent or sustained

With or without Pulse

Describe appearance…

A

No P

Wide QRS

Tombstone appearance

42
Q

Ischemic heart disease
MI
Hypo mag/K
Heart disease
HF (Echocardiogram, Troponin, BNP)
Drug toxicity
Steroids
Cocaine

Causes of….

A

V tach

43
Q

V Tach causes (8)

A

Ischemic heart disease
MI
Hypo mag/K
Heart disease
HF (Echocardiogram, Troponin, BNP)
Drug toxicity
Steroids
Cocaine

44
Q

Treatment for V Tach

With Pulse

Without Pulse: Doseage if applicable

A

Pulse: Cardioversion - > Implamtable Cardioversion/ defibrillator

No Pulse: Defibrillator, CPR, Epinephrine 1mg IVP, 3 - 5 M (No Limit), Amiodarone 300mg IV × 1

45
Q

Placement of Cardioversion/ Defibrillator pads…

A

Right upper / left rib cage under breast

46
Q

Describe appearance of V Fib

Is there a pulse?

A

No P, QRS

Pure squiggly lines.

No Pulse, its only Purkinje Fibers firing

47
Q

Causes:

MI
Hypokalemia
Hemorrhage

Treatment
Defibrillation, CPR, Epinephrine 1mg 3 - 5 min (No Limit)

A

V fib

48
Q

Causes, treatment, and appearance of V Fib…

A

MI
Hypokalemia
Hemorrhage

Treatment
Defibrillation, CPR, Epinephrine 1mg 3 - 5 min (No Limit)

Appearance: No P, QRS complexes. Squiggly lines

49
Q

Asystole

Describe appearance …

Interventions….

A

Flatline

CPR & Epinephrine 1mg 3 - 5 min (No Limit)

50
Q

Describe Pulseless Electrical Activity

Treatment

Causes

A

Appearance of ECG is fine but they have no pulse & are unresponsive

Treatment: CPR & Epinephrine 1mg IVP 3 - 5 min

Causes Hs & Ts

51
Q

Dabigatran (Pradaxa): Direct thrombin inhibitor.

Apixaban (Eliquis): Factor Xa inhibitor.

Edoxaban (Savaysa): Factor Xa inhibitor.

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto): Factor Xa inhibitor.

Vitamin K Antagonist (VKA):
Requires INR monitoring to maintain therapeutic range (2.0–3.0).

Warfarin (Coumadin): Inhibits Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X

Examples of which type of medication given for a fib / A flutter

A

Anticoagulants

52
Q

Give examples of anticoagulants given for A fib / A flutter

A

Dabigatran (Pradaxa): Direct thrombin inhibitor.

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto): Factor Xa inhibitor.

Apixaban (Eliquis): Factor Xa inhibitor.

Edoxaban (Savaysa): Factor Xa inhibitor.

Warfarin (Coumadin): Inhibits Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X).

53
Q

Sinus Tachycardia interventions (4)

A

Oxygen if <95%
Vagal maneuvers
CCB/ BB

TREAT UNDERLYING CAUSE

NURS 2245 Cardiac (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions