Shock & Weight Based Calculations Flashcards
Describe the flow of shock from Local Infection to Death
Local infection
Systemic infection (Early Sepsis)
SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome)
Organ Failure (Severe Sepsis)
Multiple Organ System Failure
(MODS / Septic Shock)
DEATH
Wide spread abnormal cellular metabolism
Occurs when…
Gas exchange & oxygenation and tissue Perfusion needs are not meet
Typs of shock
Severe blood or other fluid loss makes heart unable to pump enough blood to the body
Heart cant pump effectively to pump sufficient blood to meet bodies needs
Blood vessels dilate to an extreme degree
Blood flow to the heart is blocked
Distributive, Cardiogenic, Hypovolemic, Obstructive
Hypovolemic
Severe blood or other fluid loss makes heart unable to pump enough blood to the body
Cardiogenic
Heart cant pump effectively to pump sufficient blood to meet bodies needs
Distributive
Blood vessels dilate to an extreme degree
Obstructive
Blood flow to the heart is blocked
MAP equation
MAP=
3
Normal MAP: _____
Minimum MAP for organ perfusion: ______
Normal MAP: 70–100 mmHg
Minimum MAP for organ perfusion: ≥ 65 mmHg
MAP Value Indicating Organ Ischemia:
MAP < 60 mmHg → Inadequate organ perfusion, leading to ischemia and organ failure
MAP < 50 mmHg → High risk of cerebral and cardiac ischemia
MAP < 40 mmHg → Possible circulatory collapse
Stages of Shoxk
Initial: Not noticeable
Compensatory…..
Progressive…..
Refractory….
Compensive: tachycardia/ Increased BP
Progressive: Compensatory Doesn’t Work/ Lower BP, Organ Dysfunction
Refractory: Irreversible Damage
Describe common symptoms of Shock
HR
BP
RR
TEMP
URINE OUTPUT
SKIN:
Neurological
Acidosis/ Alkalosis
HR: Increased
BP: Decreased
RR: Increased
TEMP: Depends (Hypovolemic = Lower / Septic = Fever)
URINE OUTPUT: Decreased / Dark Urine
Skin: Cool, pale, clammy
Neurological: Confusion/ Lethargy
Acidosis
IV fluids and vasopressors to increase / maintain a MAP of …..
> 65
MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure) is the average pressure in a person’s arteries during one cardiac cycle.
It is an important physiological measurement because it reflects…
the perfusion pressure (the pressure that drives blood flow) to the organs and tissues
Initial Stage of shock the baseline MAP is decreased by….
Difficult to detect at this stage
<10 mmhg
Compensatory stage
MAP decreased by….
_____ Mechanism are activated to compensate the change in MAP
Urine output decrease / Tissue Hypoxia
Subjective changes….. (2)
10 - 15 mmhg
Kidney & Hormonal
Thirst & Anxiety (Subjective Changes)
Progrssive Stage
Sustained decrease in MAP of …..
Vital organs hypoxia
Rapid, low pulse, low BP, pallor, cool, moist skin
LIFE THREATENING EMERGENCY
How long from progressive stage onset must the condition be corrected….
> 20 from baseline
< 1 hr
Refractory Stage
Too little oxygen reaches tissue cell death & tissue damage
Sequence of cell damage cuased by massive release if toxic metabolies & enzymes…..
MODS
Hypovolemic Shock CUES
(Increased or Decreased)
pH
PaO²
PaCo²
Lactic acid
Hematocrit & hemoglobin
Potassium
Decreased pH
Decreased PaO²
Increased PaCo²
Increased lactic acid
Increased or Decreased hematocrit & hemoglobin
Increased Potassium
Hypovolemic Shock
If vasoconstrictor medications (like norepinephrine or epinephrine) Extravasation occurs from IV and necrosis occurs
What is the medication treatment….
Phentolamine (Regitine)
Causes of this type of shock……
Pump failure
- MI
-Dysrhythmias VT VF - Cardiomyopathy
Treatment (4)
Cardiogenic shock
Oxygen delivery CPAP
Decrease Preload
Enhance contractility
- Milrinone
- Dobutamine
Dilation of coronary vessels
- Nitroglycerin
- Nitroprusside
To treat Cardiogenic shock related to unable to pump sufficient
Give Oxygen CPAP
Decrease Preload
Give these medications to
Enhance Contractility…
Dilate Coronary Vessels….
Enhance Contractility
-Milrinone
- Dobutamine
Dilate Coronary Vessels
-Nitroglycerin
-Nitropruside
Cardiac Tamponade
PE
Tension Pneumothorax
Tumors
May cause this type of Shock
Obstructive
Loss of sympathetic tone
Blood vessel dilation
Vascular leakage
Lead to Distributive Shock
Management
Airway O² / Intubation
Drugs… (2)
Epinephrine
Diphenhydramine
Causes of this shock are
Neurological
Chemically induced
Anaphylaxis
Capillary leak
Sepsis
Distributive
1 Mortality in ICU
1 million pts a year
20 billion dollars / 5% Healthcare $$$$
Mortality rate…
Issue…
28 - 50%
Sepsis
Infection
Normal response
____ Arteries & ____ Veins to increase blood flow.
Neutrophils, Monocytes, Macrophages attack
Local swelling dilates microorganisms & Toxins
Dilation of arties & Constriction of veins increase blood flow
Sepsis is an over response or a systemic response
Uncontrolled (3)
Inflammation
Coagulation
Fibrinolysis
The qSOFA score is based on three clinical criteria:
Respiratory Rate ≥ 22 breaths per minute
(Increased respiratory rate may indicate respiratory distress or failure.)
Altered Mental Status
(Any change in mental status, such as confusion, disorientation, or lethargy, can be an early sign of sepsis or organ dysfunction.)
Systolic Blood Pressure ≤ 100 mmHg
(Low blood pressure is an indicator of poor circulation and possible shock, which is common in sepsis.)
What is a Clinical Identiation….
2 or more